企业全产业链社会化服务模式下农业绿色发展水平与空间差异研究——以中化MAP为例

STUDY ON THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND SPATIAL DIFFERENCE UNDER THE SOCIALIZED SERVICE MODEL OF THE WHOLE INDUSTRIAL CHAIN OF ENTERPRISES*——TAKE SINOCHEM MAP AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农业绿色发展  社会化服务组织  农业绿色发展指数  耦合协调水平  空间差异

Key words:  green development of agriculture  social service organization  agricultural green development index  coupling coordination level  spatial difference

摘要:

目的 农业绿色发展是实现农业高质量发展和农业强国的基础，探究企业社会化服务组织能否提高农业绿色发展水平，旨在寻求推进农业绿色发展的可行路径。方法 文章以中国最大的现代农业企业社会化服务组织中化MAP为例，基于全国21个省份2 771个农户的调查数据，首先从资源节约、环境友好、节本增效、绿色供给四方面构建农业绿色发展评价指标体系，采用加权综合评价指数法测算服务模式下全国及不同种植区域农业绿色发展指数，比较分析全国农业绿色发展空间演化特征；然后运用耦合协调模型，分析绿色发展中资源节约、环境友好、节本增效、绿色供给4个指标之间的耦合协调关系。结果 （1）MAP服务模式下的农业绿色发展指数比非MAP高31.01%；（2）从空间上看，三大类作物主产区的农业绿色发展指数均值排名经作大区（36.51）> 特作大区（36.22） > 粮作省区（31.95），并且各区域内部农业绿色发展水平空间分布差异明显；（3）MAP服务模式下资源节约、环境友好、节本增效、绿色供给4个子系统的耦合协调水平有所提高，但仍处于失调状态。结论 农业企业社会化服务组织确实能够提高农业绿色发展水平，但区域之间的空间差异较明显，建议完善现代农业企业社会化服务支持体系、推动现代农业企业社会化服务精准化供给、加强农户对社会化服务组织的认知能力，以期加强社会化服务组织对农业绿色发展的推动作用。

Abstract:

The green development of agriculture is the basis of high quality development of agriculture and agricultural power. This paper explores whether the socialized service organizations of agricultural enterprises can improve the level of green development of agriculture, in order to find a feasible path to promote the green development of agriculture. Based on the survey data of 2 771 farmers in 21 provinces, this paper took MAP, the largest modern agricultural enterprise socialization service organization in China, as an example. Firstly, it constructed an evaluation index system of agricultural green development from four aspects: resource conservation, environmental friendliness, industrial efficiency improvement and green supply, adopted the weighted comprehensive evaluation index method to calculate the agricultural green development index of the whole country and different planting regions under the service model, and analyzed the spatial evolution characteristics of the national agricultural green development, then used the coupling coordination model to analyze the parity and coordination relationship among the four indicators of resource saving, environmental friendliness, cost-saving and benefit increasing and green supply in green development. The results showed that the agricultural green development index under MAP was 31.01% higher than that without MAP. From the perspective of space, the average value of agricultural green development index of the three categories of crops was ranked in the growing region (36.51) > special growing region (36.22) > grain growing province (31.95), and the spatial distribution of agricultural green development level within each region was significantly different. The coupling coordination degree of the four subsystems of resource saving, environmental friendliness, cost-saving and benefit increasing and green supply under MAP service mode was improved, but all the crop-growing areas were in a state of imbalance. Therefore, policy suggestions are put forward to improve the agricultural social service support system, promote the precise supply of social service of modern agricultural enterprises, and strengthen farmers' cognitive ability of social service organizations, so as to strengthen the role of social service organizations in promoting the green development of agriculture.