我国农作物秸秆利用生态补偿制度探索与实践

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION OF CROP STRAW UTILIZATION IN CHINA

关键词:  农作物秸秆  综合利用  农业补贴  生态补偿制度  政策法规

Key words:  crop straw  comprehensive utilization  agricultural subsidy  ecological compensation  policy and regulation

摘要:

目的 农作物秸秆综合利用通过生态系统内物质循环实现养分高效利用。系统总结国内外秸秆利用补偿政策，可为创设适合我国秸秆综合利用的生态补偿政策提供借鉴与参考，调动各方开展秸秆利用的积极性，促进生态的可持续发展。方法 文章通过分析国内外秸秆利用补偿政策，系统梳理秸秆利用生态补偿方面的研究与探索实践，对我国秸秆利用生态补偿制度的创设提出针对性建议。结果 我国秸秆综合利用政策正在逐步完善，初步形成了一定的政策框架体系。但与发达国家相比，我国主要通过行政手段推进农作物秸秆综合利用，参与主体和方式较为单一，需结合法律、政策和经济手段，构建一种市场化的生态补偿机制。结论 建议我国在未来的秸秆还田生态补偿工作中，要建立利益驱动和政策导向机制，加强政策法规建设、扩大补偿内容、完善配套支持政策、开展多形式宣传引导，推动秸秆利用高质量发展。

Abstract:

The comprehensive utilization of crop straw helps the materials and nutrients efficiently recycle in ecosystem, which promotes sustainable development of the agroecosystem. The agricultural subsidy for comprehensive utilization of crop straw arouses enthusiasm of farmers, enterprises and local governments to carry this cause forward. However, the policy and regulation system of agricultural subsidy are not sound in China, and both the financial and policy support for straw utilization from government are insufficient, leading to relatively low-quality utilization of crop straw. The General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Compensation System for Ecological Protection in 2021, calling for the improvement of eco-oriented agricultural subsidy system. In order to provide references for the establishment of ecological compensation system for straw utilization in China, experience in policies and regulations of ecological compensation were summed up in this study. The compensation policies for comprehensive utilization of crop straw in USA and EU were combed, agricultural subsidy for straw utilization in different areas of China were reviewed, and the research and practice in ecological compensation of crop straw utilization were analyzed. The policies to promote the comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China were being improved, and the initial policy framework was created. However, compared with the developed countries, comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China was mainly promoted by administrative approaches, and the involved subject and utilization approach were relatively simple and monotony. It is necessary to create market-oriented ecological compensation policies by combining the legal，policy and economic approaches. Therefore, in this study, suggestions to promote high-quality utilization of straw resources were proposed, such as establishment of policies and regulations, extension of ecological compensation objects, improvement of the supporting policies and diversifying the forms of publicity and guidance.