湖南省乡村旅游类型及其空间格局研究

STUDY ON THE TYPES AND SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL TOURISM IN HUNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村旅游  类型界定和划分  空间格局  休闲农业  湖南省

Key words:  rural tourism  type definition and division  spatial pattern  leisure agriculture  Hunan province

摘要:

目的 探究湖南省乡村旅游类型和空间分布格局，为该省乡村旅游多样化发展和空间格局优化提供参考。方法 文章筛选湖南省的276个乡村旅游点作为研究对象，首先对乡村旅游点进行类型界定和划分，然后分别采用ARCGIS软件空间分析方法，从全省、地级市、不同类型的乡村旅游进行多层面多角度地综合分析。结果 （1）湖南省乡村旅游类型可以划分为4个类型，包括自然景观类、休闲度假类、特色农业类、民俗文化类。其中休闲度假类比例最大（31.52%），其次是民俗文化类（30.80%），自然风景类（19.57%），特色农业类（14.86%）。（2）湖南省乡村旅游点空间分布整体呈集聚状态，形成以“长沙—湘潭”为核心的“常德—长沙—湘潭—衡阳”主体集聚片区，重点分布在为以洞庭湖流域和湘江流域以及以长沙和株洲为中心的交通枢纽周围。5A景点、水系分布、道路交通、中心城市、经济水平和人口密度均对其具有明显的正面影响。（3）湖南省4种不同类型的乡村旅游点也均表现为明显的集聚分布，但是集聚态势各不相同，以特色农业类集聚程度最高，民俗文化类和休闲度假类次之，自然景观类集聚程度相对最低。各类型在地级市的分布相对均匀，每个区域仍有各自的特色旅游类型。结论 湖南省乡村旅游点分布整体呈集聚态势，且乡村旅游类型具有明显的多元化发展趋势。首先要明确自身特色，做到精准定位。其次各类型协同发展，目前湖南省休闲度假类乡村旅游发展较快，需要严把质量关；民俗文化类资源丰富，可以深入挖掘，尤其是湘西、张家界和怀化3市区等。此外积极推动高级旅游景区建设，完善湘西南地区的交通体系等，进一步推进湖南省乡村旅游的协调健康发展。

Abstract:

To explore the types and spatial distribution patterns of rural tourism in Hunan province, so as to provide references for the diversified development of rural tourism and the optimization of spatial patterns in the province. 276 rural tourism sites in Hunan province were selected as the research objects. Firstly, the types of rural tourism sites were defined and divided, and then the spatial analysis method of ARCGIS software was used to analyze the data from the whole province, prefecture-level cities, and different types of rural tourism sites at multiple levels and angles. The results were listed as follows. (1) The types of rural tourism in Hunan province could be divided into four types, including natural landscape, leisure and vacation, characteristic agriculture, and folk culture. Among them, the leisure and vacation category had the largest proportion (31.52%), followed by the folk culture category (30.80%), the natural scenery category (19.57%), and the characteristic agriculture category (14.86%). (2) The overall spatial distribution of rural tourism spots in Hunan province was in a clustered state, forming a main cluster area of "Changde Changsha Xiangtan Hengyang" with "Changsha Xiangtan" as the core, with a focus on the Dongting Lake Basin and Xiangjiang River Basin, as well as the transportation hubs centered around Changsha and Zhuzhou. 5A scenic spots, water system distribution, road traffic, central city, economic level and population density all had obvious positive effects on the distribution of rural tourism spots in Hunan province. (3) The four different types of rural tourism spots in Hunan province also showed obvious agglomeration distribution, but the agglomeration situation was different, showing that the characteristic agriculture category had the highest agglomeration degree, followed by the folk culture and leisure and vacation categories, and the natural landscape had the lowest agglomeration degree. The distribution of various types in prefecture-level cities was relatively uniform, but each region still had its own characteristic tourism types. In summary, the overall distribution of rural tourism points in Hunan province is agglomerated, and the types of rural tourism have an obvious trend of diversification. Finally, relevant suggestions are put forward based on the results. We must define our own characteristics and achieve precise positioning and make sure the coordinated development of various types. At present, the rural tourism of leisure and vacation in Hunan province is developing rapidly, and it is necessary to strictly control the quality; the resources of folk culture are rich and can be deeply explored, especially in the urban areas of Xiangxi, Zhangjiajie and Huaihua. In addition, we should actively promote the construction of high-level tourist attractions, improve the transportation system in southwestern Hunan, etc., and further promote the coordinated and healthy development of rural tourism in Hunan province.