新型农业经营主体的空间分异特征及其创新发展机制——以山东省为例

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM OF NEW AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS SUBJECTS*——TAKING SHANDONG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  新型农业经营主体  地理探测器  空间分异  创新发展  山东省

Key words:  new agricultural business subjects  the geographical detectors  spatial differentiation  innovative development  Shandong province

摘要:

目的 新型农业经营主体的创新发展是我国实现农业农村现代化发展的重大战略，通过对山东省3类新型农业经营主体发展特征进行研究，有利于以点带面，提升各类新型农业经营主体发展质量。方法 文章以山东省1 585个新型农业经营主体为研究对象，综合运用空间分析方法和地理探测器模型系统揭示山东省3类新型农业经营主体空间分异特征及其创新发展机制。结果 （1）山东省3类经营主体呈集聚型分布，3类经营主体的空间离散程度均处在高非均衡水平，空间分布结构的区域差异明显。（2）3类经营主体呈现“多中心，连片化”的空间分布特征，家庭农场整体呈“带状”分布，农民专业合作社和龙头企业整体呈“环带状”分布。（3）家庭农场与农民专业合作社在县域层面呈显著的空间正相关性，龙头企业在市域层面呈显著的空间负相关性。（4）生产要素、政府能力、劳动力质量、技术创新、产业结构、金融服务、电子商务和市场化水平共同推动各类经营主体创新发展，且两两之间的交互能对3类经营主体创新发展具有协同增强的作用。结论 因此，针对不同类型新型农业经营主体创新发展特性，采取多元化、差异化的发展策略组合有助于推动各类经营主体的创新发展。

Abstract:

The innovative development of new agricultural business subjects is a major strategy for China to realize the development of agricultural and rural modernization. By studying the development characteristics of three types of new agricultural business subjects in Shandong province, it is conducive to improving the quality of development of various new agricultural business subjects by leading them from a point to a surface. Taking 1 585 new agricultural business entities in Shandong province as the research objects, we systematically revealed the spatial differentiation characteristics of three types of new agricultural business entities in Shandong province and their innovative development mechanisms by using spatial analysis methods and geographical detectors models. The results were listed as follows. (1) The three types of business entities in Shandong province are clustered, and the spatial dispersion of all three types of business entities was at a high non-equilibrium level, with obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution structure. (2) The spatial distribution characteristics of the three types of business entities were "multi-centered and contiguous", with family farms in a "belt" distribution and farmers' professional cooperatives and leading enterprises in a "ring belt" distribution. (3) Family farms and farmers' professional cooperatives had a significant positive spatial correlation at the county level, while dragon-head enterprises had a significant negative spatial correlation at the municipal level. (4) Factors of production, government capacity, labour quality, technological innovation, industrial structure, financial services, e-commerce and marketization level jointly drove the innovation development of various types of business entities, and the interaction between two could have a synergistic enhancement effect on the innovation development of the three types of business entities. Therefore, in terms of the innovation development characteristics of different types of new agricultural business subjects, adopting a combination of diversified and differentiated development strategies can help promote the innovation development of various types of business subjects.