实施“一户一田”对农民非农就业的影响研究——基于山东省506个农户的实证分析

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF “ONE HOUSEHOLD ONE PLOT” ON FARMERS' NON-AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT——EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON 506 FARMERS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  农地细碎化  “一户一田”  土地调整  非农就业  工具变量

Key words:  agricultural land fragmentation  "one household one plot"  land adjustment  non-agricultural employment  tool variables

摘要:

目的 探究“一户一田”对农民非农就业的影响。方法 文章基于山东省506个农户微观调查数据，通过基准回归、异质性分析、内生性讨论研究“一户一田”对农户非农就业的促进作用。结果 （1）实施“一户一田”对农户非农就业具有稳定的正向影响，即在其他条件不变的情况下，实施“一户一田”村组的农户非农就业人数更多。（2）异质性分析表明，实施“一户一田”对经济关联度高的农户非农就业促进作用更加明显，即地区经济发展水平高、村庄距离县城近的农户实施“一户一田”后非农就业人数增加更多。（3）在选用村干部支持率作为“一户一田”的工具变量后，估计结果依然稳健。（4）实施“一户一田”可能在增加非农就业人数的同时提升非农就业质量。结论 农村土地二轮延包在即，政府应给予村组和农户更多自主权，允许并鼓励适宜地区通过实施“一户一田”缓解农地细碎化问题，减少农业劳动时间，促进农户非农就业，进一步释放土地制度改革红利。

Abstract:

In recent years, some villages and groups have spontaneously organized and implemented "one household one plot" in order to control the fragmentation of agricultural land, that is, the village collective realizes the integration of plots through land adjustment, and centralizes multiple pieces of decentralized contracted land of farmers into one piece. Based on the survey data of 506 farmers' households in Shandong province, this paper empirically tested the role of "one household one plot" in promoting farmers' non-agricultural employment. The results were showed as follows. (1) The implementation of "one household one plot" had a stable positive impact on the non-agricultural employment of farmers, that was, under other conditions unchanged, the number of non-agricultural employment of farmers in the "one household one plot" village group was more. (2) The heterogeneity analysis showed that the implementation of "one household one plot" had a more obvious effect on promoting non-agricultural employment of farmers with high economic, that was, the farmers with high regional economic development levels and close villages to the county, who implemented "one household, one plot" had a greater increase in the number of non-agricultural employment. (3) After selecting the support rate of village cadres as the instrumental variable of "one household one plot", the estimation results were still robust. (4) The implementation of "one household one plot" could increase the number of non-farm employment while improving the quality of non-farm employment. In summary, second-round extended rural land contract are coming soon. The government should give more autonomy to village groups and farmers, allow and encourage appropriate areas to ease the problem of agricultural land fragmentation through the implementation of "one household one plot", reduce agricultural labor time, promote non-agricultural employment of farmers, and further release the dividend of land system reform.