超大城市乡村振兴与乡村治理耦合协调性及障碍度研究——以北京市为例

RESEARCH ON THE COUPLING COORDINATION DEGREE AND OBSTACLE FACTORS OF RURAL REVITALIZATION AND RURAL GOVERNANCE IN MEGACITIES*——A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING, CHINA

关键词:  超大城市  乡村振兴  乡村治理  耦合协调度  障碍因子

Key words:  megacities  rural revitalization  rural governance  coupling coordination degree  obstacle factors

摘要:

目的 乡村治理效能的提升是实施乡村振兴和实现国家治理体系现代化的重要根基，研究超大城市乡村振兴和乡村治理的耦合协调发展对促进乡村地区社会经济可持续高质量发展具有积极作用。方法 文章选取拥有超大城市典型特征的北京市为例，通过构建北京市乡村振兴与乡村治理发展水平评价体系，以熵值法和加权法对2001—2020年乡村振兴与乡村治理发展水平展开了评价，采用耦合协调度模型，探讨两者之间的耦合发展演变规律，运用障碍度诊断模型对制约北京市乡村振兴和乡村治理水平的障碍因子进行了分析。结果 （1）2001—2020年北京市乡村振兴处于良好的发展态势，其中地区生产总值、农林牧渔业产值和教育经费是制约该市乡村振兴发展进程中的主要障碍因子。（2）同时北京市乡村治理评价分值呈现为扩散的“W”型结构，2009—2018年乡村治理协调指数呈现先上升后下降的缓慢发展阶段，直到2019年，开始呈现较为明显的上升趋势，其中农村居民家庭人均收入、农村居民家庭恩格尔系数和水土流失治理面积是该超大城市乡村治理水平的主要障碍因素。（3）2001—2020年北京市乡村治理和乡村振兴的耦合协调度整体呈现上升趋势。结论 超大城市乡村区域需要不断提升农业现代化水平，继续加强乡村基础设施建设和乡村生态建设，改善乡村生态环境，创新治理方式，提高自治能力；充分发挥治理内生动力，挖掘乡土文化价值；促进产业振兴，实现人才回流，以协调乡村治理和乡村振兴共同发展。

Abstract:

The improvement of rural governance efficiency is a vital foundation for the implementation of rural revitalization and the modernization of the national governance system. Therefore, researches on the coupling coordination developments of rural revitalization and rural governance in megacities plays a positive role in promoting sustainable and high-quality socio-economic development in rural areas. Taking Beijing city, which possesses the typical characteristics of a mega city, as an example, this research established an evaluation system for the development level of rural revitalization and rural governance, and evaluated the development level of rural revitalization and rural governance from 2001 to 2020 in Beijing through the entropy method and weighting method, Furthermore, it used the coupling degree model to explore the coupling development and evolution patterns between the two, and adopted the application of the obstacle diagnosis model to analyze the obstacle factors that restricted the level of rural revitalization and rural governance in Beijing. The results were listed as follows. (1) From 2001 to 2020, the rural revitalization of Beijing showed a sound development status and trend, among which the gross domestic product, the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and education funds were the main obstacles restricting the development of the city's rural revitalization. (2) The rural governance evaluation scores in Beijing showed a W-shaped dispersed structure. As shown in the paper, from 2009 to 2018, the rural governance coordination index showed a sluggish development stage of a rising trend at the beginning and followed by a falling trend. Until 2019, it began to show a more obvious upward trend, in which the per capita income of rural residents, the Engel Coefficient of rural households and the areas under control of soil erosion were the main obstacles to the level of rural governance in Beijing. (3) The overall trend of coupling and coordination degree between rural governance and rural revitalization in Beijing from 2001 to 2020 was on the rise. In summary, it can be drawn from this paper that rural areas of the megacities need to continuously improve the level of agricultural modernization, continue to strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure and rural ecological facilities, with the aim of improving the rural ecological environment, innovating governance methods and elevating self-governance capacity. Besides, it should full play the endogenous dynamics of self-governance in rural areas of the megacities to tap the value of local and indigenous culture. In addition, it's also of great necessity to promote industrial revitalization to realize the return of talents and integrate the development of rural governance and rural revitalization.