中国淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率：时空演化特征及脱钩趋势

GREEN WATER RESOURCE EFFICIENCY IN CHINESE FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE: SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS AND DECOUPLING TRENDS

关键词:  淡水养殖业  绿色水资源效率  Super-SBM模型  时空演化特征  Tapio脱钩

Key words:  freshwater aquaculture  green water efficiency  Super-SBM model  spatiotemporal patterns  Tapio decoupling

摘要:

目的 为揭示中国淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率的时空演变特征及其与淡水养殖经济增长呈现的脱钩关系，从而为中国淡水养殖业绿色水资源管理及绿色高质量发展提供借鉴和参考。方法 文章结合2011—2020年中国淡水养殖业省级面板数据，采用包含非期望产出的全局Super-SBM模型，对淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率进行评价。结果 （1）从全国层面来看，中国淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率总体呈提升态势，其中“十三五”时期较“十二五”时期效率提升幅度更加明显。（2）从区域层面来看，不同区域淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率均值呈现华南、东北、华北、华东、西北、华中和西南依次递减的特征，且各区域内部波动存在明显差异。（3）从省级层面来看，除北京、上海以外，其余地区淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率均呈波动上升趋势，效率均值较高的地区在地理空间上呈“V”形分布特征。（4）淡水养殖业水资源投入、绿色水资源效率与其经济增长的脱钩关系总体向好发展。结论 为发展节水型淡水养殖业，提升淡水养殖业绿色水资源效率，实现淡水养殖大国到强国的转变，建议优化淡水养殖产业布局，因地制宜选择适养品种，推进广东、海南、福建、湖北和江苏等淡水养殖重点区域示范区建设，并在水资源禀赋相对不高但效率提升潜力大的省份为循环水养殖等节水型养殖模式的推广提供资金及技术支持。

Abstract:

The water resources of China are affected by both severe water shortages and severe growing population and rapid economic development as well as lax environmental oversight have increased in a large scale the water demand and pollution. The aim of this study is to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of green water resource efficiency (GWRE) in Chinese freshwater aquaculture and its decoupling relationship with the economic growth of freshwater aquaculture, so as to provide references for green water resources management and green high-quality development of Chinese freshwater aquaculture. Based on the provincial panel data of freshwater aquaculture in China from 2011 to 2020, and the global Super-SBM model that included non-expected output was used to evaluate the green water resource efficiency in freshwater aquaculture industry. The results revealed that: (1) The national GWRE of China's freshwater aquaculture improved, and the improvement since 2016 had been more noticeable than that during 2011-2015; (2) The average GWRE of freshwater aquaculture decreased in South China, Northeast China, North China, East China, Northwest China, Central China, and Southwest China, and the patterns differed among regions; (3) the GWRE of freshwater aquaculture increased in the provinces other than Beijing and Shanghai, and the provinces with higher average efficiency were geographically distributed in a "V" shape; (4) The decoupling relationships between freshwater aquaculture water-resource input, GWRE, and economic growth of aquaculture had improved. Therefore, this research recommends the following in provinces with relatively low water endowment but high potential for efficiency improvement: optimize the layout of freshwater aquaculture, select suitable species according to local conditions, construct demonstrations in key freshwater aquacultures regions such as Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Hubei, and Jiangsu, and provide financial and technical support for water-saving aquaculture models such as circulating water aquaculture.