农业产业组织模式的交易关系与治理机制——基于肉牛养殖企业的多案例分析

TRANSACTION RELATIONSHIP AND GOVERNANCE MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL*——MULTIPLE CASE STUDIES BASED ON BEEF CATTLE BREEDING ENTERPRISES

关键词:  农业产业组织模式  交易费用理论  交易特性  交易关系  治理机制

Key words:  agricultural industrial organization model  transaction cost theory  transaction characteristics  trading relationship  governance mechanism

摘要:

目的 农业产业组织模式是农业产业化发展的重要制度载体，考察企业控制型农业产业组织模式初期的合作问题，为助推小农户与现代农业融合发展具有重要意义。方法 文章以畜牧业生产加工企业为研究对象，通过采用多案例研究法，构建“交易特性—交易关系—治理机制”分析框架，探讨不同交易特性的农业企业与其他经营主体的交易关系与治理机制。结果 不同交易特性的农业企业与其他经营主体形成了不同联结程度的交易关系；在交易关系发展的不同阶段，其匹配的治理机制也有所改变，大多为复合治理机制且关系治理机制存在于多种交易关系中；准纵向一体化模式中要素契约治理机制和关系治理机制，有利于锁定双边的专用性资产投资，构建多元经营主体的长效利益联结机制。结论 政府需要不断优化农产品交易关系的制度环境、大力扶持与农户存在“乡土”关联的农业企业、加强农户自身能力建设。

Abstract:

The agricultural industrial organization model is an important institutional carrier for the development of agricultural industrialization. Exploring the cooperation issues in the early stages of the enterprise controlled agricultural industrial organization model is of great significance for promoting the integration of small-holder farm families and modern agriculture. The research took livestock production and processing enterprises as the research object, constructed the analytical framework of "transaction characteristics transaction relationship governance mechanism", and discussed the transaction relationship and governance mechanism between agricultural enterprises with different transaction characteristics and other business entities, so as to promote the sustainable development of the agricultural industrial organization model. The analysis results of multiple cases showed that agricultural enterprises with different transaction characteristics had formed transaction relations with other business entities in different degrees of connection; At different stages of the development of transaction relations, the matching governance mechanism had also changed, most of which were compound governance mechanisms, and the relationship governance mechanism existed in a variety of transaction relations; The factor contract governance mechanism and relationship governance mechanism in the quasi vertical integration model was conducive to locking in bilateral specific asset investment and building a long-term interest connection mechanism of multiple business entities. Therefore, the government needs to constantly optimize the institutional environment of agricultural product trading relations, vigorously support agricultural enterprises with "local" connections with farmers, and strengthen farmers' capacity-building.