人居环境治理中社会资本对村民参与行为的影响研究

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON VILLAGERS' PARTICIPATION IN RURAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT GOVERNANCE

关键词:  农村人居环境  治理  村民参与  社会资本  政府规制

Key words:  rural human settlement  governance  villagers' participation  social capital  government regulation

摘要:

目的 探究个体因素和环境因素对提升村民参与农村人居环境治理行为的综合影响，明晰村民参与行为的激励机制，从而激发村民积极参与，可持续以相对较低成本改善农村人居环境质量。方法 文章基于社会资本与政府规制整合视角，收集云南省278位村民的调研数据，构建结构方程模型（SEM）探讨村民参与行为的影响机理，并采用Process插件检验政府规制在社会资本影响村民参与行为中的调节作用。结果 （1）在农村人居环境治理中，社会资本显著正向影响村民参与行为；（2）道德责任感与群体认同感显著正向影响村民参与行为，并在社会资本与村民参与行为之间均起部分正向中介作用；（3）政府规制在村民社会资本与其参与行为之间部分起调节作用。其中，激励型规制起负向调节作用，存在对社会资本的挤占效应；而约束型规制调节作用不显著。结论 农村人居环境治理过程中应坚持农民主体地位，以提升村民社会资本、提高村民的责任意识和群体认同感，减少激励型政策的挤占效应并慎用约束型政策，引导村民逐步实现自治，从而提升村民参与行为。

Abstract:

This research aims to examine the comprehensive impact of individual and environmental factors on enhancing the participation and clarifying its motivation mechanism, so as to stimulate villagers' participation and then continuously improve the quality of rural human settlements at a fairly low cost. Based on the integrated perspective of social capital and government regulation, this research collected the sample data of 278 villagers in Yunnan province, constructed a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to explore the impacting mechanism of villagers' participation, and used the Process Engine Plugins to testify the moderating effect of government regulations on how social capital affecting villagers' participation. The results were showed as follows. (1) Social capital had a positive effect on villagers' participation in rural human settlement governance. (2) Villagers' moral responsibility and group identity exerted a positive influence on villagers' participation, and played a partially positive mediating effect in the path. (3) Government regulations partly moderated the path in the impact of social capital on villagers' participation behavior. Being classified, incentive regulations played a negative moderating role in the path, hence there was a crowding-out effect of incentive regulations on social capital when enhancing villagers' participation; whereas constraint regulations had no significant moderating effect. Therefore, it should adhere to the villagers' dominant role, enhance their social capital, increase their sense of responsibility and group identity, decrease the crowding-out effect when using incentive regulations, prudently adopt constraint regulations, and guide villagers gradually to achieve the state of self-governance, so as to promote the villagers' participation in the governance of rural human settlement.