妇女对农业节水影响研究——基于辽宁省凌源市调研数据

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF WOMEN ON AGRICULTURAL WATER-SAVING——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON A SURVEY IN LINGYUAN, LIAONING PROVINCE

关键词:  水资源  妇女  灌溉  农业节水  性别差异

Key words:  water resources  women  irrigation  agricultural water-saving  gender gap

摘要:

目的 水资源短缺是影响我国国民经济高质量发展的重大资源环境问题，我国农业用水占总用水量60%以上。妇女是参与农业灌溉的重要力量，定量分析和科学评估妇女在农业节水中作用具有重要意义。方法 文章基于对辽宁省凌源市的401份农户调查数据，利用计量方法分析妇女对农业节水的影响。结果 （1）农业灌溉中，妇女较男性更为节水，浇灌同一地块，妇女较男性用时少22%。（2）灌溉方式对男女节水存在显著差异，漫灌方式下男女用水差异显著，妇女较男性节水；滴灌、喷灌、微灌差异不显著，说明农业科技的应用模糊了农业灌溉中的性别差异。（3）种植结构对男女节水存在显著影响。种植经济作物女性灌溉时间比男性灌溉时间短，原因在于男性追求种植收益最大化，妇女注重成本收益比的降低。（4）农业收入占比对男女节水有显著影响，农业收入占比家庭总收入较高的农户，妇女较男性节水意愿更加强烈。结论 妇女的节水行为受到家庭收入结构影响。同时，随着未来农业技术进步和农业节水灌溉基础设施的完善，农业灌溉用水的性别差异将逐步减小。

Abstract:

Water resource scarcity is a significant resource and environmental issue affecting the high-quality development of our country's national economy. Agricultural water consumption in China accounts for over 60% of the total water use. Women play a vital role in agricultural irrigation. Quantitative analysis and scientific evaluation of women's role in agricultural water-saving are of great significance. Based on the survey data of 357 farming households in Lingyuan city, Liaoning province, this paper used econometric methods to analyze the impact of women on agricultural water conservation. The results were listed as follows. (1) Women were more water-saving than men in agricultural irrigation. (2) There were pronounced gender differences in irrigation methods. In flood irrigation, the difference in water use between men and women was significant, with women conserving 22.47% more water than men. However, in methods like drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and micro-irrigation, the distinctions were less evident, suggesting that the integration of agricultural technology had blurred gender disparities in irrigation. (3) The choice of crops significantly impacted water conservation between genders. Women who grow cash crops irrigate for shorter durations compared to men. The reason was that men pursued the maximization of planting benefits, while women focused on reducing the cost-benefit ratio. The reason was that men pursue the maximization of planting benefits, while women focus on reducing the cost-benefit ratio. ⑷ Agricultural earnings form had a notable influence on water conservation practices between genders. For households where agricultural earnings form a higher percentage of the total income, women exhibited a much stronger inclination towards water conservation than men. In summary, women's water-saving behaviors are influenced by the structure of family income. Simultaneously, with the advancement of agricultural technology in the future and the improvement of agricultural water-saving irrigation infrastructure, gender differences in agricultural irrigation water use will gradually decrease.