基于企业数据的大陆台资农业及农产品加工企业空间分布及机理的比较

COMPARISON OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND MECHANISMS OF TAIWAN-INVESTED AGRICULTURAL AND AGRO-PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN THE MAINLAND BASED ON ENTERPRISE DATA

关键词:  大陆台资农业企业  大陆台资农产品加工企业  空间分布  影响因素  演变趋势

Key words:  Taiwan-invested agricultural enterprises in the mainland  Taiwan-invested agro-processing enterprises in the mainland  spatial distribution  influencing factors  evolutionary trends

摘要:

目的 大陆台商农业投资推动着海峡两岸农业农村经济的持续发展，理清不同类型台资农业企业的发展状况，对两岸农业合作的深入及经济融合的推进有着重要的指导意义。方法 文章利用Python挖掘和清洗相关企业查询网站的大陆台资企业数据，综合运用最近邻指数、Ripley's K 函数、核密度和热点分析等方法对比分析1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年大陆台资农业及农产品加工业在位企业的空间布局及其演化特征，并采用负二项回归模型探讨其区位选择影响机制。结果 （1）大陆台资农业及农产品加工企业在空间分布上呈多中心群团式集聚，集聚规模和集聚强度随时间推移变化明显。（2）两种类型企业在空间演化过程存在明显差异，台资农业企业在空间演化上呈点源扩散模式，热点区域主要位于海峡西岸经济区、珠三角地区、长三角地区、海南和山东半岛。（3）台资农产品加工业企业呈爆发式扩张模式，在完成空间布局后进入稳定状态，热点区域主要位于海峡西岸经济区、珠三角地区和长三角地区。（4）负二项回归模型分析结果表明大陆台资农业及农产品加工企业区位选择都长期受到农业自然资源禀赋、集聚因素、政策与文化因素的正向影响，两者空间布局与空间演化的差异缘于对耕地资源和对外开放程度等因素的不同响应。结论 政府应结合地方资源优势，在制度政策制定、产业集聚效应发挥、地方市场开拓和产业融合等方面采取积极措施，推动台资涉农企业与地方经济的融合发展。

Abstract:

Taiwan's agricultural investment on the mainland promotes the sustainable development of the agricultural and rural economy across the Taiwan Strait. It is important to clarify the development status of different types of Taiwan-invested agricultural enterprises to guide the deepening of cross-strait agricultural cooperation and the promotion of economic integration. Python was used to explore and clean the data of mainland Taiwan-invested enterprises from relevant enterprise query websites, and the nearest neighbor index, Ripley's K function, kernel density, and hotspot analysis were used to compare and analyze the spatial layout of the incumbent enterprises of mainland Taiwan-invested agricultural and agricultural products processing industries in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. And the negative binomial regression model was adopted to study the evolutionary characteristics of their location selection mechanisms. The results were showed as follows. (1) The spatial distribution of Taiwan-invested agricultural and agricultural products processing enterprises in the mainland showed a polycentric cluster type of agglomeration, and the scale and intensity of agglomeration changed significantly over time. (2) There were obvious differences in the spatial evolution of the two types of enterprises, with Taiwan-invested agricultural enterprises evolving in a point-source diffusion pattern, with hotspots mainly located in the Economic Zone on the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait, the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Hainan region and Shandong Peninsula. (3) Taiwan-invested agricultural processing enterprises exhibited an explosive expansion pattern, and they entered a stable state after completing their spatial layout, with hotspots mainly located in the Economic Zone on the West Coast of the Taiwan Strait, the Pearl River Delta region, and the Yangtze River Delta region.(4) The results of negative binomial regression model analysis showed that the location choices of Taiwan-invested agricultural and agro-processing enterprises in the mainland had been positively influenced by agricultural natural resource endowment, agglomeration factors, policy and cultural factors for a long time, and the differences in spatial layout and spatial evolution between the two were due to different responses to factors such as arable land resources and degree of openness to the outside world. Therefore, according to account local resource advantages, the government should take active measures to promote the integration and development of Taiwan-invested agriculture-related enterprises and the local economy in terms of institutional policy formulation, industrial agglomeration effects, local market development and industrial integration.