新冠疫情背景下不同生计类型农户生计恢复力评价及影响因素研究

EVALUATION OF LIVELIHOOD RESILIENCE OF FARMERS OF DIFFERENT LIVELIHOOD TYPES UNDER THE IMPACT OF COVID-19

关键词:  生计恢复力  不同生计类型  农户  心理感知  新冠疫情背景

Key words:  livelihood resilience  different livelihood types  farmers  psychological perception  the back-ground of COVID-19

摘要:

目的 疫情的冲击为农户的生计发展带来了诸多风险，了解当前农户生计现状及相关影响因素，对于提升农户生活质量，促进乡村振兴具有重要意义。方法 文章基于陕西省杨凌区及其周边农户调研数据，将主客观恢复力结合，构建了缓冲能力、自组织能力、学习能力和心理感知4个维度的农户生计恢复力评价体系，运用综合指数法和障碍度诊断模型，测度新冠疫情冲击下不同生计类型农户生计恢复力现状并识别其影响因素。结果 （1）新冠疫情冲击下农户生计恢复力水平整体偏低，从高到低依次为综合生计型、兼业主导型、务农主导型、务工主导型，各维度水平均偏低且分布呈现一定差异；（2）主观恢复力指标对各类型农户生计恢复力影响较大，主观恢复力对农户总体生计恢复力的影响不容忽视；（3）不同生计类型农户障碍因子差异较小，技能培训参与程度、个人风险认知感受、个人风险认知能力、家庭存款、社会网络支持度等对农户生计恢复力产生影响。结论 不同生计类型农户生计恢复力及影响因素存在差异，基于此，可为不同生计类型农户提出差异化的生计恢复力提升建议。

Abstract:

The impact of COVID-19 bring risks to the livelihood development of farmers, and it is of great significance to understand the current livelihood status of farmers and related influencing factors, so as to improve the quality of life of farmers and promote rural revitalization. Based on the survey data of farmers in Yangling and its surrounding areas of Shaanxi province, this paper combined subjective and objective resilience to construct an evaluation system for farmers' livelihood resilience in four dimensions: buffering ability, self-organization ability, learning ability and psychological perception. We used the comprehensive index method and obstacle diagnosis model to measure the current situation of livelihood resilience of farmers of different livelihood types under the impact of the new crown epidemic and identify its influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) The level of livelihood resilience of farmers under the impact of COVID-19 was generally low. From high to low, it was integrated livelihood, concurrent business-oriented, agriculture-oriented type, and labor-oriented type.The levels of all dimensions were low and the distribution is different; (2) The subjective resilience index had a great impact on the livelihood resilience of various types of farmers, and the impact of subjective resilience on the overall livelihood resilience of farmers could not be ignored; (3) The barriers of different livelihood types were relatively similar.The degree of participation in skills training, personal risk perception, personal risk perception, household savings, and social network support had an impact on the livelihood resilience of farmers. Based on the differences in livelihood resilience and influencing factors of farmers with different livelihood types, differentiated suggestions for improving livelihood resilience can be proposed for farmers of different livelihood types.