现代农业产业园集聚效应研究——基于北京8家园区的实证分析

STUDY ON AGGLOMERATION EFFECT OF MODERN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL PARKS——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON EIGHT PARKS IN BEIJING

关键词:  现代农业产业园  集聚效应  熵权TOPSIS法  障碍度模型  影响因素

Key words:  modern agricultural industrial park  agglomeration effect  entropy weight TOPSIS method  obstacle degree model  influencing factors

摘要:

目的 国家高度重视现代农业产业园的建设和发展，集聚发展是现代农业产业园发展的现实需要。对园区集聚效应进行评价，找出制约园区集聚效应发挥的影响因素并提出相应对策建议，可以为推动现代农业产业园进一步发挥集聚效应提供参考。方法 文章以北京市8家现代农业产业园为研究对象，从要素集聚、产业链集聚、功能集聚以及带动集聚4个层面构建指标体系，利用熵权TOPSIS法对产业园集聚效应进行评价，并在此基础上，采用障碍度模型分析影响产业园集聚效应的障碍因素。结果 （1）从产业园集聚效应来看，各园区要素集聚方面发展相对协调、产业链集聚上存在差距、功能集聚差距较大、带动效果上呈现两极分化。（2）对集聚效应产生最显著的制约因素是产业链集聚效应，其次为功能集聚和带动集聚，要素集聚对其发展的障碍程度不高。（3）主导产业产值占比较低对产业园产业链集聚效应的影响最大，产业园总产值不高以及农作物化肥利用率不足对产业园功能集聚效应影响较大，园区内合作社数量不足影响产业园带动集聚效应的发挥。结论 做大做强主导产业，打通产业链上下游，构建以主导产业为核心的集聚发展体系以及以绿色发展、科技应用和品牌建设为抓手，加强园区多功能建设，提升产业园本土市场竞争力是当前产业园发挥集聚效应的关键所在。

Abstract:

The state attaches great importance to the construction and development of modern agricultural industrial parks, and the agglomeration development is a practical need for them. The objectives of this study is to evaluate agglomeration effect of the park, find out influencing factors that restrict the agglomeration effect of the park, and put forward policy recommendations, so as to provide references for promoting further development of the agglomeration effect of modern agricultural industrial parks. Based on eight modern agricultural industrial parks in Beijing, an evaluation indicator system was established from four levels: factor agglomeration, industrial chain agglomeration, function agglomeration, and driving agglomeration. Then, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the agglomeration effect of these industrial parks. On this basis, the obstacle degree model was used to analyze the obstacle factors that affected the agglomeration effect of industrial parks. The results were showed as follows. (1) In terms of industrial park agglomeration effect, the development of factor agglomeration in each park was relatively coordinated; there was a gap in industrial chain agglomeration, and a significant gap in function agglomeration; the driving effect was polarized. (2) The most significant constraint to agglomeration effect was the agglomeration effect of the industrial chain, followed by agglomeration of functions and agglomeration of driving forces. The agglomeration of factors was not a high obstacles to its development. (3) The low proportion of the output value of the leading industries had the greatest impact on the agglomeration effect of the industrial park's industrial chain. The low total output value of the industrial park and the insufficient utilization of crop fertilizers had a greater impact on the functional agglomeration effect of the industrial park. The insufficient number of cooperatives in the park affected the driving agglomeration effect of the industrial park.Therefore, the key for the current industrial park to promote its agglomeration effect is: to make the leading industries bigger and stronger , connect the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, build an agglomeration development system which is centered with the leading industries; and focus on green development, technology application, and brand building, to strengthen the multi-functional construction of the park, and enhance the local market competitiveness of the park.