川西高原典型作物土地适宜性评价及其影响因素

VALUATION OF LAND SUITABILITY IN TYPICAL CROPS PLANTING AREA IN WESTERN SICHUAN PLATEAU AND THEIR DRIVING FORCES

关键词:  生态脆弱  民族地区  典型作物  土地适宜性  影响因素  川西高原

Key words:  ecologically vulnerable  ethnic regions  typical crops  land suitability  influencing factor  Western Sichuan Plateau

摘要:

目的 川西高原生态环境脆弱，经济发展水平低，开展生态脆弱区域典型作物土地适宜性分析，对农业生产的作物规划管理，以及拓宽当地农户增收致富渠道具有重要意义。方法 文章基于四川省土地利用现状数据，综合运用AHP层次分析法、栅格指数模型，构建川西高原典型作物土地适宜性目标层、准则层和指标层三级评价指标体系。结果 （1）典型作物土地适宜性评价因子中气候条件影响较大，社会经济条件影响相对较小。（2）大白菜种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河中游和岷江流域，其中高适宜区1.652 5 万hm²；苹果种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河流域河谷山地和岷山山脉，其中高适宜区36.121 5万 hm²；梨种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河中游和岷江流域，其中高适宜区31.025 3万hm²；甜樱桃种植适宜用地主要分布在大渡河和岷江流域的河谷和山地，其中高适宜区16.891 4万hm²；核桃种植适宜用地主要分布金沙江、雅砻江、大渡河和岷江流域的河谷区，其中高适宜区41.913 7万hm²。（3）从县域空间尺度上评价，川西高原推荐种植核桃和梨的县（市）最多，分别为22个和16个。推荐种植大白菜的县（市）最少，只有3个。（4）川西高原农业产业光温条件好、气候垂直变化显著，但常受低温等极端天气影响；耕地比重小、分布零散且耕地质量低；低纬度高海拔同时地势高耸、地形破碎；交通和灌溉设施薄弱，自然—社会经济因素影响川西高原典型作物产业发展。结论 研究结果符合川西高原典型作物种植现状，但是该研究构建的土地适宜性评价体系中对内源性因素考虑不够，缺乏对劳动力、经营方式等因素的分析，同时缺少对科学技术、法律法规、政策、市场等外源性因素的思考。

Abstract:

Western Sichuan plateau have a feature of weak ecological environment and low economic development. This research aims to carry a typical crops suitability analysis, so as to provide an accurate and effective method for typical crops and broadening minorities' source of wealth. Based on the land use data in Sichuan province, this article used the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method and the grid index model to establish a three-level evaluation index system, including target layer, rule layer and factor layers, for the suitability of typical crop land in the Western Sichuan Plateau. The results were listed as follows. (1) The index weight results showed that the largest weight of the first indicators was of the climate condition indicators, the smallest weight was of the socio-economic conditions. (2) The high suitable area for planting Chinese cabbage in Western Sichuan Plateau was 16 525 hm², that were in the middle reaches of Dadu river and Minjiang river basin; the high suitable area for planting apple was 361 215 hm², that were in the canyon area for Dadu river and Minshan mountain region; the high suitable area for planting pear was 310 253 hm², that were in valley areas of Minjiang river's middle stream and the Minjiang river basin; the high suitable area for planting cherry was 168 914 hm², that were in valley and mountainous region of Dadu river and Minjiang river; the high suitable area for planting walnut was 419 137 hm², that were in valley of Jinshajiang river, Yalong river, Dadu river and Minjiang river. (3) From the perspective of county-level spatial scale evaluation, the most recommended counties (cities) for planting walnuts and pears in the Western Sichuan Plateau were 22 and 16, respectively. There were only 3 counties (cities) recommended for planting Chinese cabbage. (4) The agricultural industry in the Western Sichuan Plateau was dependent on natural and social factors. The local natural conditions with good light and temperature, and climate varied vertically in belt-shape zones, but it was often affected by extreme weather such as low temperatures; The proportion of arable land was small, scattered, and the quality of arable land was low; Landform was complex with low latitude, high altitude, towering terrain and fragmented terrain; Transportation and irrigation facilities were weak, and natural socio-economic factors affected the development of typical crop industries in the Western Sichuan Plateau. In summary, the results are consistent with the current situation of typical crops planting in Western Sichuan Plateau. Land suitability in typical crops planting area is dependent on endogenous influencing factors and exogenous influencing. But this study neglected the function of land resource, the mode of operation, technology, law, policy and market.