资本禀赋、政策机制对东北地区“旱改水”行为影响研究——基于黑龙江、辽宁两省调研数据

IMPACT OF CAPITAL ENDOWMENT AND POLICY MECHANISM ON PEASANTS' WILLINGNESS TO ADJUST AGRICULTURAL PLANTING STRUCTURE FROM DRYLAND TO PADDY FIELD——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF FARMERS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AND LIAONING PROVINCE

关键词:  “旱改水”  资本禀赋  农业支持政策  影响机理  Logit模型

Key words:  planting structure adjustment from dryland to paddy field  capital endowment  grain support policies  influencing mechanism  Logit model

摘要:

目的 通过分析资本禀赋、农业政策对东北地区农户“旱改水”行为的影响，从农业支持政策、经济资本、社会资本、文化资本等方面探究农户“旱改水”行为的作用机理。方法 文章基于布尔迪厄的实践理论建立资本禀赋理论分析框架，利用黑龙江、辽宁两省639个农户微观调研数据，采用Logit模型实证分析东北地区农户“旱改水”行为的影响因素。结果 （1）预期稻谷最低收购价水平提高，农户继续改种水稻意愿增加，说明农业支持政策与“旱改水”意愿正相关。（2）农户收入水平、耕地面积、水田面积对用户“旱改水”意愿具有负向影响，表明经济资本与农户改种水田的意愿负相关。（3）加入合作社、亲戚朋友和邻里信任程度均对农户继续改种水田产生显著正向作用，表明社会资本与农户“旱改水”行为正相关。文化资本的影响并不显著。（4）农户年龄越大、具有外出务工经历其继续改种水稻意愿较低。结论 加强和完善农业政策支持，打通“地、技、利、义”等关键要素，引导农户合理调整种植结构，保障国家粮食安全。

Abstract:

This paper investigates the mechanism of farmers' behavior of "dryland to paddy field conversion" in terms of agricultural support policies, economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital, etc. by analyzing the influence of capital endowment and agricultural policies on farmers' behavior of "dryland to paddy field" in Northeast China. We developed a theoretical framework for capital endowment analysis based on Bourdieu's theory of practice, and employed the Logit model to empirically analyze the factors influencing farmers' behavior of "dryland to paddy field" in northeast China by using 639 microscopic research data of farmers in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces. The findings were indicated as follows. (1) Agricultural assistance policies were positively associated to the desire to switch from dry to wet farming because farmers were more likely to continue switching to rice if the minimum purchase price level of rice was anticipated to rise. (2) Farmers' desire to switch from dryland to paddy field had negative effects on income level, arable land area, and paddy field area, indicating that economic capital was negatively correlated with farmers' readiness to switch to paddy field. (3) Farmers' desire to switch from dryland to paddy field had significant positive effects on joining cooperatives and the degree of trust in relatives, neighbors and friends, showing that social capital was positively related to farmers' willingness to switch to paddy fields. The effect of cultural capital was not significant. In addition, the older the farmers were, the more experience they had in working outside the home and having a party membership, the lower their willingness to continue to switch to rice cultivation. Therefore, it is recommended that agricultural policy support should be strengthened and key factors such as "land, technology, profit and righteousness" should be connected to guide farmers to reasonably adjust their planting structure and ensure national food security.