种业创新与粮食全要素生产率的双向影响关系研究——基于各省要素禀赋的考察

SEED INDUSTRY INNOVATION AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN——AN ANALYSIS FROM PROVINCIAL FACTOR ENDOWMENT PERPECTIVE

关键词:  种业创新  粮食全要素生产率  要素禀赋  省际特征  政策配套

Key words:  seed industry innovation  total factor productivity of grain  factor endowment  provincial characteristics  policy support

摘要:

目的 探索种业创新与粮食全要素生产率的内在联系，对推动我国各区域内种业创新具有重要意义。方法 文章先采用DEA模型测算2012—2020年30个省域的粮食全要素生产率，再利用联立方程模型检验种业创新与粮食全要素生产率相互作用，并基于各地的要素禀赋分析两者间的作用机理。最后，分区域探讨其差异性。结果 （1）我国各地粮食全要素生产率年均增长1.9%，主要依靠技术进步的“单轨驱动”。进一步分析种业创新与粮食全要素生产率的关系发现，二者互为因果、相互促进，并依靠技术进步、技术效率的“双轨驱动”。（2）考察各地的要素禀赋发现，从省际特征来看，粮食主销区是发展种业创新的重点区域，良好的科研环境和企业聚集有助于种业创新；从政策配套来看，政策支持到位、基础设施较好的省份，种业创新能力对于粮食全要素生产率的影响更加明显。（3）四大区域内种业创新能力都是粮食全要素生产率的重要推力，不同在于华北和西北地区种业创新能力对粮食全要素生产率促进作用最为明显，东北地区次之。结论 应推进种业科技自立自强行动，发挥政府调控作用，加强省际间种业创新交流，共同维护粮食安全。

Abstract:

Exploring the internal connection between seed industry innovation and total factor productivity of grain is of great significance in promoting seed innovation in various regions of China. This research utilized the DEA model to measure the total factor productivity of grain in 30 Chinese provincial regions between 2012 and 2020， and it adopted a simultaneous-equations model to examine the impact of seed industry innovation on the total factor productivity of grain, then it explored the mechanism of the effect between the two factors through two perspectives: inter-provincial characteristics and policy support. Finally, it discussed the heterogeneity by regions. The results were indicated as follows. (1) The total factor productivity of grain grew at an average annual rate of 1.9% in all regions. This growth was primarily attributed to technical progress. The seed industry innovation and the total factor productivity of grain were causally related and relied on the "dual-track" approach of technical progress and efficiency. (2) Exploring the factor endowment of provinces, it was found that in terms of inter-provincial characteristics, the main grain selling areas had the potential to become key regions for developing seed industry innovation. An excellent research environment and enterprise clustering could improve the seed industry innovation capacity. In terms of policy support, the impact of seed industry innovation on the total factor productivity of grain was more significant in provinces that had better policy and infrastructure support. (3) Seed industry innovation in the four regions was a crucial driving force for the total factor productivity of grain. However, the promotional effect was more pronounced in the northern and northwestern regions, followed by the northeast region. Therefore, the seed industry should promote self-reliance in science and technology. The government should play a regulatory role and control it. Additionally, inter-provincial cooperation in seed industry innovation should be strengthened to jointly maintain grain security.