中国种植业面源污染的区域差异及其脱钩效应

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES AND DECOUPLING EFFECTS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN CHINA'S PLANTING INDUSTRY

关键词:  种植业面源污染  区域差异  脱钩效应  等标污染负荷法  污染治理

Key words:  non-point source pollution in the planting industry  regional difference  decoupling effect  equivalent standard pollution load method  pollution control

摘要:

目的 明晰种植业面源污染的区域差异及其脱钩效应，为推动农业发展全面绿色转型提供有力支撑。方法 文章基于等标污染负荷法测算1997—2020年中国31个省（市、区，不含港澳台）的种植业面源污染等标负荷强度，并以八大综合经济区作为研究单元，利用Kernel密度估计、Dagum基尼系数和Tapio脱钩模型等方法全面考察种植业面源污染的区域差异及其与经济增长的脱钩关系。结果 （1）中国种植业面源污染等标负荷强度表现出先升后降的变化态势，且空间不平衡特征突出；（2）中国种植业面源污染等标负荷强度的总体差异呈上升趋势，区域间差异是总体差异的最主要来源，对总体差异的贡献率呈“M”型演变趋势；（3）样本期内中国种植业面源污染与经济增长整体呈相对脱钩关系，并表现出由相对脱钩状态向绝对脱钩状态转变的发展趋势，其中，东北和西北经济区处于绝对脱钩状态，其他经济区则呈相对脱钩关系。结论 既要分区分类采取污染治理措施，也需加强区域面源污染协同治理，以期推进各经济区种植业面源污染与经济增长的绝对脱钩，加快实现农业绿色转型发展。

Abstract:

To clarify the regional differences and decoupling effects of non-point source pollution in the planting industry can provide strong support for promoting greener agricultural development in all respects. Based on the equivalent standard pollution load method, this research calculated the equivalent standard load intensity of non-point source pollution in the planting industry in 31 provinces（cities or autonomous regions） of China from 1997 to 2020. Then taking eight comprehensive economic zones as the research units, it comprehensively examined the regional differences of non-point source pollution in the planting industry and its decoupling relationship with economic growth by using Kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient and Tapio decoupling model. The results showed that: (1) The equivalent standard load intensity of non-point source pollution in China's planting industry showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and its spatial imbalance was prominent. (2) The overall difference was on the rise and the inter-regional difference was the main source of the overall difference, with its contribution rate to the overall difference presenting an "M" type evolution trend. (3) During the sample period, there was a relative decoupling relationship between the non-point source pollution of China's planting industry and economic growth, and it showed a development trend from the relative decoupling state to the absolute decoupling state. The northeast and northwest economic zones had achieved relative decoupling of the non-point source pollution of China's planting industry and economic growth, while the other economic zones were in relative decoupling relationships. Therefore, it is necessary not only to take pollution control measures by zoning and classification, but also to strengthen the regional coordinated treatment, so as to promote the absolute decoupling between non-point source pollution of planting industry and economic growth in various economic zones, and accelerate the realization of green transformation development of agriculture.