小农户农业生产技术效率的社会互动效应——基于甘肃省203个农户的调查

SOCIAL INTERACTION EFFECT OF SMALL FARMERS' AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY*——BASED ON AN INVESTIGATION OF 203 FARMERS IN GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  小农户  农业生产技术效率  社会网络  社会互动  空间计量模型

Key words:  small household farmer  agricultural production technology efficiency  social network  social interaction  spatial econometric model

摘要:

目的 提升小农户农业生产技术效率是发展现代农业的关键，探究“差序格局”下农业生产技术效率的社会互动效应对于促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接具有重要现实意义。方法 文章基于2010—2016年一个西北村庄203个农户的微观调研面板数据，利用村庄内的礼物往来情况构建空间权重矩阵，使用空间自回归模型（SAR）实证研究小农户农业生产技术效率的社会互动效应。结果 （1）小农户农业生产技术效率存在显著的正向社会互动效应，若某农户的农业生产技术效率提高1个单位，社会网络中与其有关系往来的农户的农业生产技术效率将提高0.154个单位；（2）农户间农业生产技术效率的社会互动效应在2010—2016年随着时间推移而减弱；（3）家庭成员的平均健康水平、家庭收入和家庭外出务工人数对农业生产技术效率具有显著正向影响，户主年龄和家中学生数量对农业生产技术效率具有显著负向影响。结论 优先引导部分农户接受技术培训，并通过社会互动大面积推广技术，有效提高农户的农业生产技术效率，同时，推进教育、培训和健康等人力资本投资以促进农业生产技术效率，重点引导户主年龄大和收入低的农户提高农业生产技术效率。

Abstract:

Improving the technological efficiency of small households' agricultural production is the key to the development of modern agriculture. Exploring the social interaction effect of small households' agricultural technology efficiency under the "the Pattern of Difference Sequence" has important practical significance for promoting the organic connection between small households and modern agriculture. Based on the 7-year micro-survey panel data of 203 rural households in a northwest village, an empirical study was made on the social interaction effect of small households' agricultural production technology efficiency by constructing the spatial weight matrix with the gift exchange data in the village and by using the spatial autoregressive model (SAR). The results were listed as follows. There was a significant positive social interaction effect of the agricultural technology efficiency of small farmer households. If the efficiency of a certain farmer increased by 1 unit, the efficiency of the farmers who were related in the social network would increase by 0.154 units. The social interaction effect of agricultural production technology efficiency among farmers weakened over time from 2010 to 2016. The average health level, income and number of migrant workers in a family had a significant positive impact on agricultural production technology efficiency, while the age of the head of household and number of students in a family had a significant negative impact. Therefore, priority should be given to guiding some farmers to receive technical training and then the technology should be promoted on a large scale through social interaction to improve the agricultural production technology efficiency of farmers. Meanwhile, human capital investment in education, training and health should be made to promote agricultural production technology efficiency, with a focus on guiding older and low-income households to improve agricultural production technology efficiency.