陕西省农田生态系统服务价值评估及其空间规划建议

SERVICE VALUE EVALUATION OF FARMLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SPATIAL PLANNING IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  农田  生态系统  服务价值评估  时空变化  陕西省

Key words:  farmland  ecosystem  service value evaluation  spatiotemporal variation  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 分析陕西省农田生态系统服务价值的时间和空间变化规律，为陕西省农业绿色发展点明方向，同时为西部其他地区农田生态系统的发展提供借鉴参考。方法 文章以陕西省农田生态系统作为研究对象，构建农田生态系统服务价值核算指标体系，分析2006—2021年陕西省农田生态系统相关数据，探讨陕西省农田生态系统服务价值的变化规律。结果 （1） 从时间上看，2006—2021年陕西省农田生态系统总服务价值呈现逐渐增长的趋势。其中，供给服务牢牢占据主导地位，价值贡献远高于其他服务，且呈不断扩大趋势；调节服务占第二位，呈现波动上升趋势；支持服务较低，呈波动上升趋势；在负价值方面，环境污染价值呈现先增加后减小的趋势；（2）从空间上看，2021年陕西省各市农田生态系统总服务价值介于9.36亿~443.98亿元。单位面积农田生态系统服务价值在2.383 291万~19.785 675万元/hm²波动，差距较大。从空间分布上看，呈现出中间高、南北低的特点。结论 陕西省要在加快农业基础设施建设，改善生态环境的同时，因地制宜，推进农业产业化经营，推进农村经济的全面发展。关中区域注重发展高效特色农业；陕北区域注重发展可持续生态农业；陕南区域注重发展生态休闲农业。

Abstract:

Through analyzing the temporal and spatial changes in the value of farmland ecosystem services in Shaanxi province, this research provide guidance for the green development of agriculture in Shaanxi province and providing reference for the development of farmland ecosystems in other western provinces. Taking the farmland ecosystem in Shaanxi province as the research object, this research constructed an indicator system for calculating the service value of farmland ecosystems, analyzed the relevant data of farmland ecosystems in Shaanxi province from 2006 to 2021, and explored the changes in the service value of farmland ecosystems in Shaanxi province. The results were showed as follows. (1) During this period, the total service value of farmland ecosystem in Shanxi province showed a gradually increasing trend. Among them, supply services firmly occupied a dominant position, with a much higher value contribution than other services, and were constantly expanding. Regulatory services ranked second and showed a fluctuating upward trend. The value of support services was relatively low and showed a fluctuating upward trend. In terms of negative value, the value of environmental pollution showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. (2) From a spatial perspective, in 2021, the total service value of farmland ecosystems in various cities in Shaanxi province ranged from 936 to 44.398 billion yuan. The value of farmland ecosystem services per unit area fluctuated between 23 832.91 and 197 856.75 yuan/hectare, with a significant difference. In terms of spatial distribution, it presented a characteristic of high in the middle and low in the north and south. Therefore, Shaanxi province should accelerate the construction of agricultural infrastructure and improve the ecological environment, while adapting to local conditions, promoting agricultural industrialization and promoting the comprehensive development of rural economy. The Guanzhong region should emphasize the development of efficient and characteristic agriculture, the northern Shaanxi region should emphasize the development of sustainable ecological agriculture, and the southern Shaanxi region should emphasize the development of ecological leisure agriculture.