内蒙古特色乡村旅游点空间分布特征及优化发展路径研究

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND COLLABORATIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CHARACTERISTIC RURAL TOURISM SPOTS IN INNER MONGOLIA

关键词:  特色乡村  乡村旅游  空间格局  协调优化  内蒙古

Key words:  characteristic rural areas  rural tourism  spatial pattern  coordination and optimization  Inner Mongolia

摘要:

目的 系统把握内蒙古特色乡村旅游资源的空间分布格局，识别区域差异化特征，挖掘旅游潜力，提出空间协调优化方案，为内蒙古特色乡村旅游区域协同发展提供决策依据。方法 文章选择内蒙古5类国家级特色乡村建立空间矢量数据库，借助ARCGIS空间分析方法包括最邻近距离法、核密度分析法、标准差椭圆模型以及Voronoi图热点分析等，深入探析特色乡村差异化分布格局，并提出协调发展优化方案。结果 （1）内蒙古特色乡村分布具有明显的沿东南侧集中分布的特征，整体呈现东南密西北疏的态势；赤峰市、巴彦淖尔市、通辽市3市特色乡村数量最多，占总数的45.43%；呼和浩特市、乌兰察布市、锡林郭勒市、阿拉善盟和乌海市的特色乡村数量相对较少。（2）内蒙古特色乡村空间结构类型为集聚型分布，形成了2个集聚核心区：一是以巴彦淖尔市、包头市、呼和浩特市、鄂尔多斯市4市交界处为核心的核心区；二是以赤峰市、通辽市和兴安盟为核心的次核心区。其中，中国传统村落分布范围最广，离散程度最高；中国少数民族特色村寨呈多方向的离散均匀分布；全国乡村旅游重点村分布相对集中于自治区东南侧；国家森林乡村分布最集中。（3）内蒙古特色乡村分布集聚热点区域主要有巴彦淖尔市的临河区和五原县片区，包头市辖区、土默特右旗和土默特左旗片区，赤峰市辖区和喀喇沁旗片区，赤峰市林西县，通辽市片区等。结论 内蒙古特色乡村具有显著的异质性特点，复合型乡村数量较少；并且各类特色乡村空间集聚分布差异较大，区域资源分布极不平衡，未来需要结合宏观规划，既要保障地域异质性特色化发展，又要精准量化供需关系，因地制宜地发展区域乡村旅游产业，协调区域均衡发展。

Abstract:

To systematically grasp the spatial distribution pattern of characteristic rural tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, identify regional differentiation characteristics, tap into tourism potential, propose spatial coordination and optimization plans, and provide decision-making basis for the coordinated development of characteristic rural tourism in Inner Mongolia. Five national level characteristic villages in Inner Mongolia were selected to establish a spatial vector database, and Using ARCGIS spatial analysis methods including nearest neighbor distance method, kernel density analysis method, standard deviation ellipse model, and Voronoi map hotspot analysis, the differentiated distribution pattern of characteristic villages was analyzed in depth, and coordinated development optimization plans were proposed. The results were listed as follows. (1) The distribution of characteristic rural areas in Inner Mongolia had a clear characteristic of concentrated distribution along the southeast side, showing an overall trend of dense distribution in the southeast and sparse distribution in the northwest; Chifeng city, Bayannur city, and Tongliao city had the highest number of characteristic villages, accounting for 45.43% of the total; The number of characteristic villages in Hohhot, Ulanqab city, Xilingol city, Alxa League, and Wuhai city was relatively small. (2) The spatial structure type of characteristic rural areas in Inner Mongolia was a cluster type distribution, forming two cluster core areas: the first was the core area with the junction of Bayannur city, Baotou city, Hohhot city, and Ordos city as the core; The second was a sub core area centered around Chifeng city, Tongliao city, and Xiang'an League. Among them, traditional Chinese villages had the widest distribution range and the highest degree of dispersion; Chinese ethnic minority characteristic villages were distributed uniformly in multiple directions; The distribution of key rural tourism villages in China was relatively concentrated on the southeast side of the autonomous region; The distribution of national forests and rural areas was most concentrated. (3) The hot spots for the distribution and aggregation of characteristic rural areas in Inner Mongolia mainly included Linhe city and Wuyuan county in Bayannur city, the districts of Baotou city, Tumote Right Banner and Tumote Left Banner, the districts of Chifeng city and Karaqin Banner, Linxi county in Chifeng city, and Tongliao city. In summary, Inner Mongolia's characteristic rural areas have significant heterogeneity, and the number of compound rural areas is relatively small; Moreover, there are significant differences in the spatial agglomeration and distribution of various characteristic rural areas, and the distribution of regional resources was extremely uneven. In the future, it is necessary to combine macro planning, not only to ensure the development of regional heterogeneity and characteristics, but also to accurately quantify the supply-demand relationship, develop regional rural tourism industry according to local conditions, and coordinate regional balanced development.