甘肃省农户农业资源利用状况评价分析基于国家重要农业资源台账

EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES OF FARMERS IN GANSU PROVINCEBASEED ON NATIONAL IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ACCOUNT

关键词:  农户农业资源  农用地  农业设施设备  秸秆利用  农膜利用  农产品认证

Key words:  farmer's agricultural resources  agricultural land  agricultural facilities and equipment  straw utilization  agricultural film utilization  agricultural product certification

摘要:

目的 利用国家重要农业资源台账数据，对甘肃省农户农业资源利用状况进行评价分析。方法 文章利用统计检验方法和描述性分析法，对不同地区的农户农业资源差异进行检验和对比分析。结果 （1）耕地是农户主要的农用地利用类型，占比达84.72%。不同地区的农户拥有的农用地资源禀赋差异较大，农用地类型与所在地区的地理环境密切相关，呈现出雨水较多的河东地区农户拥有更多旱地、草地、园地等类型的农用地，而干旱少雨的河西地区农户拥有更多的水浇地，设施农业并未呈现出明显的地域特征。（2）农户在其他农业设施设备上的投入占比最高，达52.84%。各地区农户在大棚、灌溉设施、农机、圈舍、物联网以及其他农业设施设备的投入上均存在差异。其中，武威市农户在大棚、灌溉、圈舍及其他农业设施设备方面的户均投入远高于其他地区。此外，各地区农户在物联网方面的投入均很低。（3）农户在秸秆利用方式上形成了以肥料化为主，饲料化、基料化、燃料化等为辅的较为环保的多元化利用模式，约58.26%的秸秆采用了肥料化利用方式。（4）样本区域农户农膜使用面积约占种植面积的20.93%，农膜平均回收率仅为39.07%。各地区农户在农膜使用上呈现出地区间的不平衡性，其中武威地区农户单位面积农膜使用量最高，陇南地区农户单位面积农膜使用量最少。农户在农膜使用上呈现出湿润地区农膜使用少而干旱地区农膜使用多的特点。同时，农膜的使用也与作物种类有关，蔬菜和薯类作物单位面积农膜用量较多。（5）样本农户在绿色产品、有机农产品、地理标志农产品和注册商标产品方面认证数量为71个，仅占农户种植农产品数量的12.18%，认证比例偏低；认证农产品种植面积约43.77hm²，占农户种植农产品面积的12.61%，种植面积也相对较少；在农产品认证类型中，绿色农产品的认证比例最高，达到63.38%。结论 各地区农户在农业资源利用方面存在差异并呈现出一定的地域特征。因此，各地区应立足当地实际，因地制宜、充分挖掘和高效利用农业资源，积极发展具有区域特色的农产品。

Abstract:

This paper aims to make an evaluative analysis of the utilization status of agricultural resources by rural households in Gansu province based on the data of national important agricultural resources accounts. Using statistical testing methods and descriptive analysis, this study examined and evaluated differences in agricultural resource utilization among rural households in different regions through comparative analysis. The results were listed as follows. (1) Cultivated land was the main type of agricultural land used by farmers, accounting for 84.72%. There were significant differences in the endowment of agricultural land resources owned by farmers in different regions. The types of agricultural land were closely related to the geographical environment of the region. In the eastern area with more rainfall, farmers had more dry land, grassland, and orchard land, while in the Hexi area with less rainfall, farmers had more irrigated land. And there were not obvious regional characteristics in facility-based agriculture. (2) Farmers had the highest proportion of investment in other agricultural facilities and equipment, reaching 52.84%. There were differences in farmers’ investment in greenhouses, irrigation facilities, agricultural machinery, sheds, the Internet of Things, and other agricultural facilities and equipment between regions. Among them, the average investment of farmers in Wuwei city in greenhouses, irrigation, sheds, and other agricultural facilities and equipment was much higher than that in other regions. The investment of farmers in the Internet of Things in all regions was very low. (3) Farmers adopted more environmentally friendly and diversified ways of using straw. About 58.26% of the straw was used as fertilizer. Other uses included feed, base material and fuel. (4) The area of agricultural film used by farmers in the surveyed area accounted for about 20.93% of the planting area, and the average recovery rate of agricultural film was only 39.07%. There was an imbalance in the use of agricultural film among farmers in different regions, with the highest amount of agricultural film used per unit area in Wuwei region and the lowest amount in Longnan region. Farmers used less agricultural film in humid areas and more in arid areas. And the use of agricultural film was also related to the crop type, with vegetables and potato crops using more agricultural film per unit area. (5) The number of certified products such as green products, organic agricultural products, geographical indication agricultural products, and registered trademark products by farmers was 71, only accounting for 12.18% of the number of agricultural products planted by farmers, and the proportion of certification was relatively low. The planting area of certified agricultural products was about 43.77hm², accounting for 12.61% of the area of agricultural products planted by farmers, and the planting area was relatively small. Among the types of certified agricultural products, green agricultural products had the highest proportion of certification, reaching 63.38%. In summary, there are differences in the utilization of agricultural resources between farmers in different regions, and showing certain regional characteristics. Therefore, each region should make the best use of local conditions and fully explore and utilize agricultural resources, as well as actively develop agricultural products with regional characteristics based on the local reality.