山西省杂粮产业集群发展与竞争力评价分析

ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION OF THE COARSE GRAIN INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN SHANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  杂粮产业  集群发展  发展模式  竞争力评价  山西省

Key words:  miscellaneous grain industry  cluster development  development model  competitiveness evaluation  Shanxi province

摘要:

目的 对山西省杂粮产业集群发展现状和竞争力进行分析和评价，以期为山西省杂粮产业差异化和可持续发展提供参考。方法 文章基于农业产业集聚发展理论，分别从产业生产规模概况、种类和区域分布、集群发展模式、企业和品牌建设等多方面分析山西省杂粮产业集群发展，并通过区位商、集中系数、优势指数等指标综合评价杂粮竞争力。结果 （1）山西省杂粮生产集群发展态势明显，杂粮种类的区域分布相对集中，发展模式仍以小户经营为主，缺乏杂粮龙头企业，区域品牌发展滞后，企业品牌和产品品牌建设不足。（2）2015—2021年山西省杂粮种植优势明显，专业化程度略高于全国平均水平，但是近两年优势开始呈现减弱趋势，表现为规模缩减，效益提升有限。（3）在全国范围内，山西谷子生产具有较大的竞争优势；大豆种植优势递减；高粱规模和生产效率均提升较快，发展势头强劲；马铃薯生产规模变化不大，生产效率提升明显。结论 山西省杂粮产业集群发展整体基础较好，但有减弱趋势，企业和品牌建设严重滞后，需要因地制宜对全省杂粮产业进行科学的区域化布局，优化产业结构，提升生产科技水平，重点培育杂粮生产和加工龙头企业，完善杂粮生产经营体系，加强区域品牌、企业品牌和产品品牌建设。

Abstract:

To analyze and evaluate the current development status and competitiveness of Shanxi province's miscellaneous grain industry cluster, in order to provide references for the differentiation and sustainable development of Shanxi province's miscellaneous grain industry. Based on the theory of agricultural industry agglomeration development, the development of Shanxi province's miscellaneous grain industry cluster was analyzed from various aspects such as the overview of industrial production scale, types and regional distribution, cluster development mode, enterprise and brand construction, and the competitiveness of miscellaneous grains was comprehensively evaluated through indicators such as location quotient, concentration coefficient, and advantage index. The results were listed as follows. The development trend of Shanxi province's coarse grain production cluster was obvious, with a relatively concentrated regional distribution of coarse grain types. The development mode was still mainly small household operation, lacking leading enterprises in coarse grain production, lagging regional brand development, and insufficient construction of enterprise and product brands. (2) From 2015 to 2021, Shanxi Province had obvious advantages in the cultivation of miscellaneous grains, with a slightly higher level of specialization than the national average. However, in the past two years, the advantages began to show a weakening trend, manifested as a reduction in scale and limited improvement in efficiency. (3) Among them, Shanxi millet production had a significant competitive advantage nationwide; The advantage of soybean planting was decreasing; The scale and production efficiency of sorghum had improved rapidly, and the development momentum was strong; The production scale of potatoes had not changed much, and the production efficiency had significantly improved. Therefore, the overall development foundation of the miscellaneous grain industry cluster in Shanxi province is good, and there is a trend of weakening. The construction of enterprises and brands is seriously lagging behind, so it is necessary to carry out scientific regional layout of the miscellaneous grain industry in the province according to local conditions, optimize industrial structure, improve production technology level, focus on cultivating leading enterprises in miscellaneous grain production and processing, improve the miscellaneous grain production and operation system, and strengthen the construction of regional brands, enterprise brands, and product brands.