产业集聚与生猪养殖业高质量发展：作用机制与经验证据

INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION AND HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF PIG BREEDING: MECHANISM AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

关键词:  生猪养殖业  产业集聚  形成机制  全要素生产率  高质量发展

Key words:  pig breeding industry  industrial agglomeration  formation mechanism  total factor productivity  high-quality development

摘要:

目的 区域资源禀赋与产业生产的高度契合是实现生猪产业高质量发展的基础，系统论证产业转移及集聚效应发挥应是其良性互动态势出现的重要驱动。方法 文章基于中国30省（市、自治区，不含港澳台和西藏）面板数据，选择区位基尼系数、产业集聚度、标准差椭圆刻画和分析生猪养殖业生产分布特征和演变，利用全要素生产率评价产业集聚效应，从资源禀赋、经济水平、市场条件、政策法规、产业基础五方面构建生猪养殖业产业集聚的理论分析框架，并运用面板数据模型进行实证分析。结果 生猪养殖业产业格局呈现由南向北、由东向西的集聚特征；全要素生产率数据表明向比较优势地区进行产业集聚对生猪养殖业产业发展呈良性作用；剖析生猪养殖业产业集聚变迁轨迹及促动因素，发现非农就业、劳动力素质、技术水平、屠宰加工能力对养殖业集聚具有正向影响，本土饲料粮生产、土地供给、往期生猪价格、消费市场、疫病致死率、农民固定资产投资能力、环境规制具有负向影响，各因素在不同区域内的影响方向及程度不同。结论 多因素促动下生猪养殖业逐渐向非传统产区集聚，结合发展态势研究从构建经济效益和生态效益并重的生猪生产格局、创新粮肉转换技术提高饲喂效率以及完善生猪养殖的社会化服务体系等领域给出促进生猪产业高质量发展的对策建议。

Abstract:

The high fitting degree between regional resource endowment and industrial production is the basis for realizing the high-quality development of the pig industry. Systematic demonstration of industrial transfer and agglomeration effect should be an important driving force for its benign interaction. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (cities and autonomous regions, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Xizang) in China, the location Gini coefficient, industrial agglomeration degree and standard deviation ellipse were selected to describe and analyze the distribution characteristics and evolution of pig breeding industry. The total factor productivity was used to evaluate the industrial agglomeration effect. The theoretical analysis framework of pig breeding industry agglomeration was constructed from five aspects: resource endowment, economic level, market conditions, policies and regulations, and industrial foundation, and the panel data model was used for empirical analysis. It was found that the industrial pattern of pig breeding industry presented the agglomeration characteristics from south to north and from east to west. The total factor productivity data showed that the industrial agglomeration to the comparative advantage area had a positive effect on the development of the pig breeding industry ; and by analyzing the change track and driving factors of pig breeding industry agglomeration, it was found that non-agricultural employment, labor quality, technical level and slaughtering and processing capacity had a positive impact on breeding industry agglomeration, while local feed grain production, land supply, previous pig price, consumer market, disease fatality rate, farmers ' fixed asset investment ability and environmental regulation had a negative impact. The influence direction and degree of each driving factor were different in different regions. Therefore, driven by multiple factors, the pig breeding industry gradually gatheres in non-traditional production areas. Combined with the development trend research, the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of the pig industry are given from the aspects of constructing a pig production pattern with equal emphasis on economic and ecological benefits, innovating grain and meat conversion technology to improve feeding efficiency, and improving the social service system of pig breeding.