重庆市秀山县乡村地域多功能评价及振兴路径研究

STUDY ON THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL EVALUATION AND REVITALIZATION PATH OF RURAL AREAS IN XIUSHAN COUNTY, CHONGQING CITY

关键词:  乡村地域功能  乡村发展类型  乡村振兴  发展路径  重庆市秀山县

Key words:  rural regional function  types of rural development  rural vitalization  development paths  Xiushan county, Chongqi

摘要:

目的 乡村地域多功能可持续发展是促进城乡融合、助力乡村转型、实现全面协调振兴的重要前提。方法 文章基于微观尺度构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系，采用熵值法确定各项指标权重，深入研究2020年重庆市秀山县村域的农业生产功能、非农产业发展功能（不含旅游业）、休闲休憩功能、社会保障功能以及生态服务功能等5项乡村地域功能强弱及其空间分异特征，并在此基础上识别乡村地域发展类型。结果 （1）秀山县5项乡村地域功能强弱及其空间分布存在一定差异，其中农业生产功能和社会保障功能整体较强，由东北向西南减弱；非农产业发展功能整体较弱，东北弱西南强；休闲休憩功能整体较弱，空间布局没有明显分异特征；生态服务功能整体较强，西北强东南弱。（2）秀山县乡村地域发展类型识别结果为综合发展型1个、欠缺发展型62个、极化发展型193个，未见主导发展型和均衡发展型，未来以“抓重点、补短板、强弱项”为指导思想，以“依强扶弱”为辅助手段，抓住发展重点，明确乡村发展方向，走差异化乡村振兴策略。（3）秀山县虽实现脱贫摘帽，但乡村发展整体处于初级阶段。结论 秀山县整体经济欠发达，各类功能发展不均衡，尤其非农产业发展功能和休闲休憩功能发展任重而道远，非农产业结构层次低，旅游资源需加大盘活力度，促进将来乡村转型、乡村发展以及乡村振兴。

Abstract:

The multifunctional sustainable development of rural areas is an important prerequisite for promoting urban-rural integration, supporting rural transformation, and achieving comprehensive and coordinated revitalization. Based on a micro-level, this study constructed an evaluation index system for the multifunctional development of rural areas and determined the weights of each index by using the entropy method, and conducted an in-depth research on the strength and spatial differentiation characteristics of the five major rural area functions in Xiushan county, Chongqing in 2020, including agricultural production function, non-agricultural industry development function (excluding tourism), leisure and recreational function, social security function, and ecological services function, then identified the development types of rural areas. The results showed that: (1) There were certain differences in the strength and spatial distribution of the five major rural area functions in Xiushan county. Overall, agricultural production function and social security function were relatively strong, weakening from northeast to southwest; non-agricultural industry development function was relatively weak, with the northeastern part being weaker and the southwestern part being stronger; leisure and recreational function was overall weak, with no distinct spatial differentiation pattern; ecological services function was relatively strong, with the northwest being stronger and the southeast being weaker. (2) The identified development types of rural areas in Xiushan county were one comprehensive development type, 62 deficient development types, and 193 polarized development types, with no dominant or balanced development types observed. In the future, the guidance ideology should be to "focus on priorities, address weaknesses, and strengthen strengths," and the auxiliary method should be "supporting the weak based on the strong," seizing development priorities, clarifying the direction of rural development, and implementing differentiated revitalization strategies. (3) Although Xiushan county had lifted itself out of poverty, its overall rural development was still at a primary stage. Therefore, Xiushan county has an underdeveloped economy, and the development of various functions is unbalanced, especially the development of non-agricultural industries and leisure and recreational functions, which face heavy tasks and a long way to go. The structure of non-agricultural industries is low, and efforts are needed to revitalize tourism resources, promote rural transformation, rural development, and rural revitalization in the future.