劳动力老龄化及其认知对农业生产性服务外包采纳行为的影响

THE IMPACT OF AGING WORKFORCE AND ITS COGNITION ON THE ADOPTION BEHAVIOR OF OUTSOURCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVE SERVICES

关键词:  老龄化  耕地功能认知  服务外包采纳行为  中介效应  遮掩效应

Key words:  aging  cognitive perceptions of the functions of cultivated land  adoption behavior of service outsourcing  mediating effect  masking effect

摘要:

目的 根据冀鲁豫粮食主产区的实地调研数据，基于认知行为理论的基本内容，研究老龄化背景下农户的服务外包采纳行为是否受到其对耕地的生计保障、情感寄托和财产享益功能认知的影响。方法 文章运用Ordered probit模型、二元Probit模型以及中介效应模型分析其影响机制。结果 （1）农业劳动力老龄化对服务外包采纳行为呈显著负向影响，已有大多研究结论的正向影响实际上是农户主观耕地功能认知 “遮掩效应”的表现；（2）60岁以上农户的服务外包采纳行为受到其对耕地生计保障和财产享益功能认知的中介作用影响；（3）65岁以上农户的服务外包采纳行为受到其对耕地财产享益功能认知的中介作用影响。结论 为有效提升老龄化背景下粮食主产区生产性服务外包采纳率，首先，政府部门应该增强服务外包可达性、信息服务及资金支持范围。其次，吸引年轻劳动力回流农业，改善人力资本结构。最后，加大对农村经济的扶持力度，引导和鼓励农村老龄农户发展特色农业、绿色农业等高附加值农业产业，为老龄农户提供更多培训机会，降低老龄农户对耕地生计保障和财产享益功能的认知水平。

Abstract:

Based on the on-site research data from the primary grain-producing regions in Hebei, Shandong, and Henan provinces, and rooted in the fundamental principles of cognitive behavioral theory, this study investigates whether the adoption behaviors of farmers regarding service outsourcing are influenced by their cognitive perceptions of the functions of cultivated land, specifically in terms of livelihood security, emotional support, and property benefits, within the context of aging. The Ordered Probit models, Binary Probit models, and Mediation Effect models were employed to analyze the influencing mechanisms. The results were showed as follows. (1) The impact of an aging agricultural labor force on service outsourcing adoption behavior was significantly negative. The ostensibly positive effects found in most previous studies were, in reality, indicative of a "masking effect" stemming from the subjective cognitive perception of farmland functionality among farm households; (2) Among farm households aged 60 and above, the adoption behavior of service outsourcing was influenced by the mediating effects of their cognitive perceptions of farmland livelihood security and property benefits; (3) Among farmers aged 65 and above, the adoption behavior of service outsourcing was influenced by the mediating effect of their cognitive perceptions of the property benefits of farmland. In summary, to effectively enhance the adoption rate of production service outsourcing in aging food-producing regions, government departments should adopt such measures. Firstly, improving the accessibility of outsourcing services, information services, and the scope of financial support. Secondly, efforts should be made to attract young laborers back to agriculture and enhance the structure of human capital. Finally, increasing governmental support for rural economies, coupled with guidance and encouragement for elderly farmers to develop high-value-added agricultural industries, such as specialty agriculture and green agriculture, was crucial. Additionally, providing more training opportunities for elderly farmers and reducing their awareness levels regarding the functions of farmland livelihood security and property benefits should be prioritized.