生计视角下海水养殖户参与排污治理影响因素的结构分析

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PARTICIPATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIVELIHOOD

关键词:  生计资本  海水养殖户排污治理意愿  二元Logistic回归模型  ISM模型  海南

Key words:  livelihood capital  willingness to control sewage discharge  binary Logistic regression  ISM model  Hainan

摘要:

目的 在捕捞渔业资源日趋贫乏，海水养殖产业兴起的背景下，为了保障水产品基本需求并保护海洋生态环境，促进养殖户生产与海洋生态协调发展，需要通过分析生计资本，找到影响因素间的逻辑结构，为提升养殖户参与绿色生产意愿提供可行建议。方法 文章利用海南省北部4个沿海市县353份海水养殖户实地调研数据，构建海水养殖户的生计资本评价指标，采用二元Logistic回归和ISM模型，实证检验在生计资本框架下不同因素对养殖户参与排污治理意愿的影响作用，并进一步研究影响因素之间相关性和层次结构。结果 （1）有74.9%的养殖户愿意参与排污治理。对海水养殖户的意愿影响最大的是社会资本因素，其次是人力资本和自然资本因素。（2）产生正向影响的是认知因素，包括人力资本中养殖户的受教育程度、具有养殖方面的技术，自然资本中区域水质养殖适合度，以及社会资本中加入合作社和技术的可获得度。（3）产生负面影响的是利益相关因素，包括人力资本中投入劳动力数量，物质资本中配套养殖的设备数量，以及金融资本中成熟稳定的销售渠道。（4）影响路径可以分为社会关系推动型和环境资源强化型两类。结论 建议进一步强化海水养殖户对未来收益的预期，巩固原有海水养殖户的排污治理积极性，加强对生态养殖、水产健康养殖等模式的宣传，开展技术讲座，提高海水养殖户对环保及相关技术的认知，培育新技术推广的社会环境；聚焦海水养殖大户，通过资金支持大户采取生态养殖技术和模式，加速排污治理基础公共设施建设等降低参与成本，消减投资疑虑，推动养殖户积极参与排污治理。

Abstract:

Under the background of the increasing scarcity of fishery resources and the rise of mariculture industry, how to protect the marine ecological environment and how to coordinate production and ecology on the basis of ensuring the basic needs of aquatic products is a common concern.It is necessary to analyze livelihood capital, find the logical structure of influencing factors, and provide feasible suggestions for improving the willingness of aquaculture households to discharge pollutants. Based on the survey data of 353 mariculture households in North of Hainan, this paper constructed an evaluation index of livelihood capital of mariculture households, and used the Logistic regression method and the ISM model to empirically test the influence of different factors on the willingness of mariculture households to participate in sewage treatment, and further studied the correlation and hierarchical structure of the influencing factors. The results were showed as follows.There were two kinds of livelihood capital factors that affected the willingness of aquaculture farmers. One was the cognitive factors that had a positive impact, including the education level of aquaculture farmers, the aquaculture technology, and the judgment of whether the water quality was suitable for aquaculture. The other was the negative impactcaused by interest related factors, including the number of equipment, monthly maintenance equipmentand input costs, and credible industrial chain. If the whole process of aquaculture production was relatively more stable and mature, the more farmers unwilling to participate in sewage treatment.The impact path could be divided into two types: social relationship driven and environmental resource strengthened. In summary, it is recommended to further strengthen the expectations of marine aquaculture households for future profits, consolidate their enthusiasm for pollution control, and strengthen the promotion of ecological aquaculture and healthy aquaculture models；conduct technical lectures, improve households' awareness of environmental protection, and cultivate a social environment for promoting new technologies; and focusing on large marine aquaculture households, supporting them to adopt ecological aquaculture technologies and models through funding, and accelerating the construction of basic public facilities for pollution control, reducing participation costs, alleviating investment doubts, and promoting active participation of aquaculture households in pollution control.