乡村振兴背景下内蒙古农牧业产业结构调整对农民收入的影响

THE IMPACT OF INNER MONGOLIA'S AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT ON FARMERS' INCOME UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF RURAL REVITALIZATION

关键词:  农牧业  产业结构调整  农民收入  乡村振兴  内蒙古

Key words:  agriculture animal husbandry  industrial structure adjustment  farmers' income  rural revitalization  Inner Mongolia

摘要:

目的 明晰内蒙古农牧业产业结构调整对农民收入的影响机制。方法 文章基于农牧业产业结构以及农业主要要素投入结构2个角度，运用回归模型、系统GMM模型和分位数回归等多种统计分析方法，综合研究内蒙古农业产业结构调整对农牧民收入的影响。结果 （1）2006—2021年内蒙古农牧业产业和农牧民收入整体呈现上升趋势，但是农牧业发展要素配置和农牧民增收的区域差异和城乡差异较大。（2）内蒙古农牧业产业结构调整对农牧民收入存在积极的正向影响，人均财政农业支出、城镇化率、农业规模化程度、农村劳动力总数等控制变量与农牧民收入也呈显著正相关；农业产业投入力度对农民收入的影响相对较小；农民人均农作物播种面积与农民收入呈显著负相关。（3）内蒙古农牧业产业结构调整对低收入农牧民收入的影响最小，对中低收入和高收入水平的农牧民影响程度一般，对中高收入水平的农牧民收入影响较明显，对中等收入水平的农牧民影响最大，效果最显著。（4）内蒙古农民收入来源更加多元化，农民收入对土地的依赖性降低，将进一步促进农牧业结构调整和升级。结论 内蒙古农牧业产业结构对不同农牧民收入水平的影响存在明显差异，未来应加强缩小农牧业发展水平的区域差异，促进农牧业经济区域协调发展；同时继续加强支农惠农政策，强化三产融合，积极发展现代化农业新业态，促进城乡资源流动和各类资源的优化配置，从而进一步优化农业产业结构，实现农牧民收入多元化；加强政府和市场导向，完善人才保障机制，提升农业科技水平，为农牧业产业结构优化提供内生动力。

Abstract:

To clarify the impact mechanism of the adjustment of the agricultural and animal husbandry industry structure in Inner Mongolia on farmers' income. Based on the industrial structure of agriculture and animal husbandry and the input structure of major agricultural factors, relevant data on the industrial structure, factors, and income of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia from 2006 to 2021 were selected. Multiple statistical analysis methods such as regression model, system GMM model, and quantile regression were used to comprehensively study the impact of agricultural industrial structure adjustment on the income of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia. The results were indicated as follows. (1) From 2006 to 2021, the agricultural and animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia and the income of farmers and herdsmen showed an overall upward trend, but there were significant regional and urban-rural differences in the allocation of agricultural and animal husbandry development factors and the increase in income of farmers and herdsmen. (2) The adjustment of the agricultural and animal husbandry industrial structure in Inner Mongolia had a positive impact on the income of farmers and herdsmen. Control variables such as per capita fiscal expenditure on agriculture, urbanization rate, degree of agricultural scale, and total rural labor force were also significantly positively correlated with the income of farmers and herdsmen; The impact of agricultural industry investment on farmers' income was relatively small; There was a significant negative correlation between the per capita crop planting area of farmers and their income. (3) The adjustment of the agricultural and animal husbandry industry structure in Inner Mongolia had the smallest impact on the income of low-income farmers and herdsmen, with a moderate impact on the income of middle, low, and high income farmers and herdsmen. It had a more significant impact on the income of middle and high income farmers and herdsmen, with the greatest impact and the most significant effect on the income of middle income farmers and herdsmen. (4) The income sources of farmers in Inner Mongolia were more diversified, and their dependence on land was reduced, which would further promote the adjustment and upgrading of the agricultural and animal husbandry structure. In summary, there are significant differences in the impact of the industrial structure of Inner Mongolia's agriculture and animal husbandry on the income levels of different farmers and herdsmen. In the future, efforts should be made to narrow the regional differences in the development level of agriculture and animal husbandry, and promote the coordinated development of agriculture and animal husbandry economy in different regions; and at the same time, it should continue to strengthen policies to support and benefit agriculture, strengthen the integration of the three industries, actively develop new modern agricultural formats, promote the flow of urban and rural resources, and optimize the allocation of various resources, thereby further optimizing the agricultural industry structure and achieving diversified income for farmers and herdsmen; strengthening government and market guidance, improving talent guarantee mechanisms, and enhancing agricultural technology levels, so as to provide endogenous impetus for optimizing the structure of agriculture and animal husbandry industries.