厕所革命背景下农民厕改获得感及其影响因素研究——基于和田地区脱贫县812户的调研数据分析

STUDY ON FARMEIR' SENSE OF ACCESS TO TOILET REFORM AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF TOILET REVOLUTION——BASED ON SURVEY DATA ANALYSIS OF 812 HOUSEHOLDS IN POVERTY-STRICKEN COUNTIES IN HOTAN DISTRICT

关键词:  厕所革命  农民获得感  影响因素  扎根理论  结构方程模型

Key words:  toilet revolution  farmer's sense of acquisition  influencing factors  grounded theory  structural equation model

摘要:

目的 厕所革命是全面实现乡村振兴的重要举措，农民获得感是检验治理效果的核心指标。以农民获得感最大化为价值导向，研究农村厕改后的农民获得感及影响因素，以期提升干旱地区农村厕所的治理效能。方法 文章基于扎根理论提炼出6个影响农民获得感的因素并建立相关研究假设，采用结构方程模型对两县18个村812名农户的调查数据进行分析。结果 （1）样本农民厕改后的整体获得感处于中等稍高水平；（2）获得感均值（3.14）、满意度（3.01）与预期（5.00）存在较大差距；（3）扎根理论提炼出的农民自身要素、农民意识认知、政府技术支持、政府组织力度、农村环境现状、经济条件因素等对农民获得感具有显著正向影响；（4）农民满意度具有中介效应。结论 上述结论与政府绩效目标偏离农民“获得感”、新厕“反复拆建”、农民的高期待与现实的落差等原因密切相关。鉴于此，地方政府应精准定位其绩效目标，法治保障提高农民参与，将农民的获得感纳入政府厕改绩效评价的指标体系中，实现农民获得感最大化。

Abstract:

The toilet revolution is an important measure to fully realize rural revitalization, and farmers' sense of acquisition is the core index to test the effect of governance. With the maximization of the farmers' sense of acquisition as the value orientation, this research studies the farmers' sense of acquisition and its influencing factors after the renovation of rural toilets, so as to improve the efficiency of rural toilets in arid areas. Based on the grounded theory, it extracted six factors affecting farmers' sense of acquisition and established related research hypotheses, then the structural equation model was used to analyze the survey data of 812 farmers from 18 villages in two counties. The results showed that: (1) The overall sense of acquisition of the sample farmers after toilet renovation was at a medium and slightly higher level. (2) There was a big gap between the average perceived acquisition (3.14) and satisfaction (3.01) and the expectation (5.00). (3) The factors of farmers themselves, farmers' consciousness and cognition, government technical support, government organizational strength, current situation of rural environment and economic conditions extracted from the rooted theory had a significant positive impact on farmers' sense of gain; (4) Farmers' satisfaction had mediating effect. In summary, the above conclusions are closely related to the deviation of government performance targets from farmers' "sense of gain", the "repeated demolition and construction" of new toilets, and the gap between farmers' high expectations and reality. In view of this, local governments should accurately position their performance goals, respect the will of villagers, ensure the rule of law to improve farmers' participation, and incorporate farmers' sense of acquisition into the index system of government toilet reform performance evaluation, so as to maximize farmers' sense of gain.