1990—2020年塔里木河流域五地州不同作物生产与种植结构的分析与评价——基于水足迹的视角

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CROP PRODUCTION AND PLANTING STRUCTURE IN FIVE PREFECTURES OF TARIM RIVER BASIN FROM 1990 TO 2020——BASED ON WATER FOOTPRINT

关键词:  种植结构调整  塔里木河流域  水足迹  耗水量  可持续发展

Key words:  planting structure adjustment  Tarim River Basin  water footprint  water consumption  sustainable development

摘要:

目的 调整与优化区域作物生产与种植结构，提高塔里木河流域农业用水利用水平与效率，是缓解农业用水矛盾、实现水资源可持续发展的重要举措。方法 文章采用水足迹的方法分析了1990—2020年塔里木河流域五地州不同作物生产与种植结构调整下作物生产水足迹的变化特征，包括蓝色、绿色及灰水水足迹。结果 （1）1990—2020年作物生产的总水足迹、蓝水足迹、灰水足迹分别增加了29.7%、7.9%、199.7%，绿水足迹减少了36.6%。（2）2020年作物生产的总水足迹为7.41km³，棉花、小麦、玉米为耗水量最多的3种作物。豆类的水足迹强度最大，其次是棉花，甜菜最小。（3）小麦、玉米、棉花对灌溉水的消耗最多，其蓝水足迹占总蓝水足迹的93.5%。结论 通过作物结构情景模拟发现，调整作物种植面积，将水稻降为0%、小麦占83.08%、玉米占5%、棉花占10%，甜菜和豆类保持不变，有助于促进五地州可持续发展。该情景下将节约4.24%的灌溉水，还可保证当地小麦、玉米、棉花的供应。

Abstract:

Adjusting and optimizing the regional crop production and planting structure, and improving the level and efficiency of agricultural water use in the Tarim River Basin, is an important measures to alleviate the contradiction of agricultural water use and realize sustainable development of water resources. In this study, the water footprint method including blue, green and gray was used to analyze the change characteristics of crop production WF under different crop production and planting structure adjustments in 5 Prefectures of the Tarim River Basin from 1990 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the total water footprint of crop production total water footprint, blue water footprint, and gray water footprint increased by 29.7%, 7.9%, and 199.7%, respectively. The green water footprint decreased by 36.6%. (2) The total water footprint of crop production in 2020 was 7.41 km³, and cotton, wheat and corn were the three crops with the highest water consumption. The water footprint intensity of beans was the largest, followed by cotton, and sugar beets had the smallest. (3) Wheat, corn, and cotton consumed the most irrigation water, and their blue water footprint accounted for 93.5% of the total blue water footprint. In summary, through the scenario simulation of crop structure, it finds that adjusting the crop planting area to reduce rice to 0 %, wheat to 83.08 %, corn to 5 %, and cotton to 10%, and keeping sugar beets and beans unchanged, which can help promote sustainable development in 5 Prefectures. Under this scenario, 4.24% of irrigation water will be saved and the supply of local wheat, corn, and cotton can will be ensured.