不同时间尺度中国大陆区域辐射资源时空变化特征分析

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN REGIONAL RADIATION RESOURCES IN CHINA'S MAINLAND AT DIFFERENT TIME SCALES

关键词:  地表太阳辐射  空间分布  气候倾向率  界限温度  作物生长季

Key words:  surface solar radiation  spatial distribution  climatic inclination rate  limit temperature  growing season

摘要:

目的 研究我国地表太阳辐射的时空变化情况，以期为农业种植区划、可再生能源开发利用提供科学依据。方法 文章利用1961—2020年全国496个气象站点数据，基于近些年研究改进的经验公式法计算各时间段的地表太阳辐射，从年、四季和喜温/喜凉作物生长季等不同时间尺度分析了中国地表太阳辐射的时空分布和演变特征。结果 （1）中国地表太阳辐射年总量呈西北高、东南低的空间分布特征，高值区和低值区分别出现在青藏高原和四川盆地。全国夏季太阳辐射平均值最大（1 672 MJ·m^-2），冬季最小（800 MJ·m^-2），不同季节的辐射高低值区域存在差异。（2）南北方喜凉、喜温作物生长季太阳辐射量差异显著，空间分布与年地表太阳辐射相似。近60年来我国地表太阳辐射年总量整体减少了4.15%，华东、华中地区下降最明显（-92.5MJ·m^-2·10a^-1），形成了明显的“变暗”区，主要由于夏季太阳辐射量显著减少导致；云南地区呈上升趋势，主要由于秋、冬季太阳辐射增加导致。（3）生长季地表太阳辐射各地变化趋势不同，东部、南部地区不断减少，西北、东北地区呈显著上升趋势。气候变暖使得我国≥0℃和≥10℃界限温度持续天数分别增加了13.8 d和16.8 d，作物生长季长度延长，但不同地区生长季延长程度与地表太阳辐射下降程度各不相同，导致各地生长季太阳辐射变化趋势不同。西北、东北地区光温协同增强有利于选择更长生育期品质的作物品种实现高产。结论 我国地表太阳辐射空间差异性大，近几十年整体呈下降趋势，近20年各个地区趋势变化情况不一，农业与光伏产业的发展需要因地适宜。

Abstract:

This research examines the spatiotemporal variations in surface solar radiation in China with the aim of providing a scientific basis for agricultural zoning and the development and utilization of renewable energy. This study used the data from 496 meteorological stations to calculate surface solar radiation in China from 1961 to 2020, and it analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in solar radiation across annual, seasonal, and crop-specific growing periods. The analysis showed a northwest-high, southeast-low spatial gradient, with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin as high and low-value areas, respectively. Seasonal variations were significant, with summer (1672 MJ·m^-2) having the highest and winter (800 MJ·m^-2) the lowest radiation. Over six decades, the total annual surface solar radiation in China had decreased by 4.15%, with the most significant decline in East and Central China (-92.5MJ · m-2 · 10a-1), forming a "darkening" zone due to reduced summer radiation. In contrast, Yunnan had seen an increase, mainly due to enhanced autumn and winter radiation. (3) Regional trends in the growing season of radiation varied, with east and south showing decreased and northwest and northeast increased. Climate warming had extended the growing season by 13.8 and 16.8 days for ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ temperatures, respectively, impacting solar radiation trends differently across regions. The synergistic enhancement of light and temperature in the northwest and northeast regions was beneficial for selecting crop varieties with longer growth periods and higher quality to achieve high yields. In summary, there is a significant spatial variation in surface solar radiation in China, with an overall downward trend in recent decades. And the trend changes in different regions over the past 20 years varied, and the development of agriculture and photovoltaic industries needs to be adapted to local conditions.