中国北方农牧交错带现代农业（羊）产业集群发展模式探索——甘肃省环县案例研究

MODERN GOAT AND SHEEP INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN THE FARMING-PASTORAL ECOTONE OF NORTHERN CHINA——A CASE STUDY OF HUAN COUNTY, GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  现代农业（羊）产业  产业集群  农牧交错带  乡村振兴  案例研究

Key words:  modern agricultural (sheep and goat) industry  industrial clusters  farming-pastoral ecotone  rural revitalization  case studies

摘要:

目的 通过对甘肃省环县农业（羊）产业集群发展模式的研究，旨在探索我国北方地区农牧交错带乡村产业振兴发展路径，为我国欠发达地区乡村振兴提供经验借鉴。方法 文章采用案例研究方法，选取位于我国农牧交错带腹地的甘肃环县为案例研究对象，对该地区现代农业（羊）产业集群的历史演进、竞争优势来源，以及集群的产业结构进行分析和讨论。结果 （1）中国北方农牧交错带现代农业（羊）产业集群产生和形成受历史传统、文化基础、自然条件、生产方式、竞争程度，以及政策环境等诸多因素影响，其竞争优势有赖于：建立政策和监管体系；促进集群企业和相关机构发展；挖掘本土优势资源条件，开发生产、加工、存储、营销等价值链和供应链技术；满足客户挑剔需求；促进金融财政支持和投资；集群参与者之间的密切联系，以及科技创新和科技成果的应用等。（2）现代农业（羊）产业集群是一个涉及从羊育种、扩繁育肥、加工生产、服务提供，以及相关配套机构和活动的综合体，其产业结构由主导产业、相关配套产业和基础产业等组成。（3）现代农业（羊）产业集群呈现由传统的农业生产向高技术加工业和提供高附加值产品的农业产业集群发展的趋势，高价值农业产业集群的一个主要制约因素是农户缺乏适当知识，因此，动员集体行动开展培训来促进创新活动是集群成功的关键因素。结论 中国农牧交错带由于其特殊的地理和自然资源禀赋条件，发展现代农业（羊）产业集群是可行的途径。现代农业（羊）产业集群提高了地区的生产力和竞争力，吸引了外部投资并加强了产业一体化发展，促进了乡村振兴战略的实现。

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the path of rural industry revitalization and development in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China through the study of the agricultural (goat and sheep) industry cluster in Huanxian county, Gansu province, so as to provide experience and a reference for rural revitalization in underdeveloped areas of China. A case study method was adopted and Huanxian county of Gansu province was selected, where located in the hinterland of China's farming-pastoral ecotone, to analyze and discuss the historical evolution, sources of competitive advantages, and industrial structure of the modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industry cluster in this region. The results showed that the emergence and formation of modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industrial clusters in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China were influenced by many factors such as historical traditions, cultural foundations, natural conditions, production methods, degree of competition, and policy environment. Its competitive advantage depended on establishing policy and regulatory systems, promoting the development of enterprises and institutions, exploring local advantageous resource conditions, developing value chain and supply chain technologies such as production, processing, storage, and marketing, satisfying customers' picky needs, financial and fiscal support and investment promotion, close connections between cluster participants, and science and technological innovation, etc. The modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industry cluster was a complex that involved sheep breeding, breeding and fattening, processing and production, service provision, and related supporting institutions and activities. Its industrial structure was composed of leading industries, related supporting industries, and basic industries. Modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industrial clusters showed a trend of development from traditional agricultural production to high-tech processing industries and agricultural industrial clusters that provided high value-added products. One of the main constraints of high-value agricultural industrial clusters was the lack of appropriate knowledge among farmers. Therefore, mobilizing collective action to carry out training to promote innovation activities was a key factor for the success of clusters. In summary, due to its unique geographical and natural resource endowments, the development of modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industrial clusters in China's farming-pastoral ecotone is a feasible approach. The modern agricultural (goat and sheep) industry cluster improves the productivity and competitiveness of the region, attractes external investment, strengthenes industrial integration development, and promotes the realization of rural revitalization strategy.