东北黑土区农户采纳玉米秸秆还田技术支付意愿研究

STUDY ON FARMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ADOPTION OF STRAW RETURNING TECHNOLOGY IN THE BLACK SOIL REGION OF NORTHEAST CHINA

关键词:  东北黑土区  秸秆还田  意愿价值评估法  支付意愿  双栏模型

Key words:  the black soil region of Northeast China  straw returning  contingent valuation method  willingness to pay  double-hurdle model

摘要:

目的 秸秆还田是实现秸秆资源化利用，提高黑土地土壤肥力，推动农田固碳减排的重要绿色生产技术，具有显著的正外部性，技术应用者理应得到合理补偿。然而东北地区现行的秸秆还田补贴标准偏低，难以有效发挥政策激励作用。为提高秸秆还田补贴政策准确性，调动农户生产积极性，应充分考虑以农户支付意愿作为秸秆还田补贴标准定价依据。方法 文章基于黑龙江省哈尔滨市224份调研数据，运用意愿价值评估法和双栏模型识别农户采纳秸秆还田技术支付意愿影响因素，在此基础上测算农户技术支付水平。结果 （1）愿意支付秸秆还田技术费用的受访者占比67.41%，基于描述性统计分析得出受访样本愿意支付的额度平均值为316.14元/hm²；（2）农户秸秆还田技术采纳意愿受文化程度、务农年限、机械成本、种子成本、还田作用、地权稳定性、信息渠道等因素影响，支付水平除受上述因素影响外，另受化肥成本和生产经营贷款权影响；（3）基于双栏模型测算得出研究区农户秸秆还田技术支付水平为320.75元/hm²。结论 政府需结合农户支付意愿优化秸秆还田补贴政策，建议给予哈尔滨郊区普通农户802.11元/hm²（53.47元/0.067 hm²）补偿，应拓宽农户信息获取渠道、保障土地承包经营权稳定性、健全农村金融服务体系，以调动农户技术应用积极性，促进黑土地资源可持续利用。

Abstract:

Straw returning technology, aimed at enhancing the utilization of straw resources, boosting the fertility of black soil, and promoting carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agricultural fields, shows considerable positive externalities. Therefore, farmers who adopt this technology should be reasonably compensated. However, current subsidy for straw returning technology in the black soil region of Northeast China is far from fully motivating local farmers. To refine the precision of subsidy policies for straw returning technology and stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for adopting it, it is essential to take into account the farmers' willingness as the basis of straw returning subsidy pricing standard. Based on the 224 survey data of farmers in Harbin city, Heilongjiang province, this article used contingent valuation method (CVM) and double-hurdle model to identify the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to pay for adoption of straw returning technology, then estimated the level of farmers' willingness to pay for this technology. The results of this study showed that: (1) A majority of respondents, 67.41% of the total, were willing to pay, at an average of RMB 316.14 per hectare as revealed by descriptive statistical analysis. (2) Factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt straw returning technology encompassed education level, farming experience, machinery costs, seed costs, the effect of straw returning, the stability of land contract and management rights, and information accessibility. Additionally, their willingness to pay was also influenced by fertilizer costs and financial credit rights. (3) Based on the double-hurdle model and farmers' willingness, RMB 320.75 per hectare lived up to their expectation. Hence, the government is suggested to refine the subsidy policy by increasing it to RMB 802.11 per hectare (equivalent to 53.47 yuan per mu). At the same time, government is highly suggested for facilitating information accessibility, ensuring land contracts and management rights stability, and perfecting the rural financial service system, to increase the farmers' willingness of adopting straw returning technology, and consequently, to promote the sustainability of black soil.