江苏省农田生态系统服务价值时空演变特征及驱动机制

THE SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND DRIVING MECHANISM OF FARMLAND ECOSYSTEM IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

关键词:  江苏省  农田生态系统  服务功能  时空变化  驱动机制

Key words:  Jiangsu province  farmland ecosystem  service function  spatiotemporal variation  driving mechanism

摘要:

目的 农田蕴含有巨大的服务价值，构成了人类生存及发展的基础，为探究其时空演变特征及驱动机制，方法 文章基于1990—2021年江苏省统计年鉴及相关年份地市年鉴数据，引入物价修正指数，采用生态经济学方法，定量核算了12项农田生态系统服务价值，同时利用STIRPAT模型分析各地市农田生态系统总服务价值空间差异的社会驱动因素。结果 从时间上看，1990—2021年江苏省农田生态系统总服务价值表现出持续增长的态势，从564.52亿元提升至1 934.55亿元。正向服务价值的变化趋势同总服务价值一致，其中，供给服务和调节服务是最主要的服务功能，合计贡献了84.63%~85.53%。负向服务价值同样呈逐步升高的趋势，由30.75亿元增长至123.56亿元，但增速逐步降低。从空间上看，2021年江苏省各市农田生态系统总服务价值介于33.96亿~362.84亿元，其中苏北>苏中>苏南。在单位面积农田生态系统总服务价值上，各市在24 114.32~52 841.91元/hm²间波动，差距较大，其中，苏中地区的泰州、扬州进入全省前3，苏南地区的镇江跻身全省第6。在农田生态系统总服务价值的影响因素上，乡村从业人员与其呈正相关，城市化率与其呈负相关。结论 苏南地区的发展对其农田生态系统造成较大的压力，应合理调整产业结构，采用科学的种植技术和高效的管理方式，持续提升农田生态系统的各类服务价值。

Abstract:

Farmland contains enormous service value and forms the foundation for human survival and development. Exploring its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms is very crucial for achieving green and efficient agricultural development. Based on the statistical yearbook data of Jiangsu province from 1990 to 2021 and relevant city yearbooks, a price correction index was introduced, and the ecological economics method was used to quantitatively calculate the value of 12 farmland ecosystem services. At the same time, the STIRPAT model was adopted to analyze the social driving factors for the spatial differences in the total service value of farmland ecosystem in different cities. The results were listed as follows. (1) From 1990 to 2021, the total service value of farmland ecosystem in Jiangsu province showed a continuous growth trend, increasing from 56.452 billion yuan to 193.455 billion yuan. The trend of positive service value was consistent with the total service value, with supply and regulation services being the most important service functions, contributing a total of 84.63% to 85.53%. The negative service value also showed a gradual upward trend, increasing from 3.075 billion yuan to 12.356 billion yuan, but the growth rate gradually decreased. (2) From a spatial perspective, the total service value of farmland ecosystem in various cities of Jiangsu province in 2021 ranged from 3.396 to 36.284 billion yuan, with Northern Jiangsu>Central Jiangsu>Southern Jiangsu. In terms of the total service value of farmland ecosystem per unit area, cities fluctuated from 24 114.32 to 52 841.91 yuan/hectare, with a significant difference. Among them, Taizhou and Yangzhou in the Central Jiangsu region ranked among the top three in the province, while Zhenjiang in the Southern Jiangsu region ranked the sixth in the province. (3) In terms of the influencing factors of the total service value of farmland ecosystem, the number of rural employees was positively correlated with it, while urbanization rate was negatively correlated with it. Therefore, the development of the Southern Jiangsu region put significant pressure on its farmland ecosystem. It is necessary to adjust the industrial structure reasonably, adopt scientific planting techniques and efficient management methods, and continuously improve the various service values of the farmland ecosystem.