小农户衔接现代农业：数字经济的微观影响——基于4省农户调查及要素配置视角

LINKING SMALL-SCALE FARM HOUSEHOLDS WITH MODERN AGRICULTURE: THE MICRO IMPACT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY——BASED ON THE SURVEY OF FARMERS IN FOUR PROVINCES AND FACTOR ALLOCATION

关键词:  数字经济  小农户  要素配置  现代农业  断点回归

Key words:  digital economy  small-scale farm households  element configuration  modern agriculture  regression discontinuity

摘要:

目的 以数字技术、数字化平台和数据为主要载体的数字经济为现代农业发展赋能，小农户作为现阶段我国农业发展的经营主体，数字经济在小农户衔接现代农业生产中发挥的作用值得深入探究。方法 文章以2021年川、赣、辽和鲁4省1 595户的农户调查结果为基础，使用断点回归法与倾向得分匹配法等方法，结合相关理论构建分析框架，实证探究了数字经济对推动小农户衔接现代农业的微观影响。结果 数字经济促进了小农户扩大土地规模、提高农业技术投入、资本投入以及采取绿色生产方式。异质性分析表明，在数字经济的影响下，“小于0.67 hm²（10亩）”的小农户由于劳动力不足或土地富余而选择缩小土地经营面积；而“0.67 hm²（10亩）及以上”的小农户则选择扩大土地经营面积、进行专业化种植；“青年”小农户表现出较为“积极”的生产行为，“中年”小农户则较为“保守”；数字经济对接受农业社会化服务的小农户有更为显著的影响。结论 数字经济有助于推动小农户衔接现代农业。因此，应完善农业生产要素配置，加快农村数字化建设，发挥新型农业经营主体的作用并且注重提高农业社会化服务水平。

Abstract:

The digital economy, with digital technology, digital platforms, and data as the main carriers, empowers the development of modern agriculture. Small-scale farm households are the main operating body of China's agricultural development at the present stage, and the role played by the digital economy in articulating small farmers in modern agricultural production is worth in-depth investigation. Based on the results of the survey of 1 595 households in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, and Shandong in 2021, using methods such as breakpoint regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, and combining relevant theories to construct an analytical framework, we empirically explored the micro impact of the digital economy on promoting the articulation of small-scale farm households into modern agriculture. The results showed that: (1) The digital economy promoted small-scale farm households to expand land size, increased agricultural technology inputs, and capital inputs, and adopted green production methods. (2) Heterogeneity analysis showed that under the influence of the digital economy, smallholders with "less than 10 acres" chose to reduce the size of their land operation due to labor shortage or land surplus; While smallholders with "10 acres and above" chose to expand the size of their land operation and specialize cultivation; "young farmers" chose to expand the size of their land operation and specialize cultivation, they showed more "active" production behavior; while "older farmers" are more "conservative"; and the digital economy had a more significant impact on smallholders receiving agricultural socialization services.(3) The digital economy could help promote small-scale farm households to connect with modern agriculture. Therefore, we should improve the allocation of agricultural production factors, accelerate the digitalization of the countryside, play the role of new agricultural management bodies, and focus on improving the level of agricultural socialization services.