数字经济发展对乡村技术进步偏向的影响研究

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ON THE DIRECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN RURAL AREAS

关键词:  乡村数字经济  乡村技术进步偏向  乡村产业集聚  空间溢出效应  超越对数生产函数

Key words:  rural digital economy  rural technology progress bias  rural industrial agglomeration  spatial spillover effect  translog production function

摘要:

目的 精准把握我国乡村技术进步偏向的特征，探究数字经济发展对乡村技术进步偏向的影响及其机制。方法 文章分别采用超越对数生产函数和熵值法测算了乡村技术进步偏向指数和乡村数字经济发展指数，以2011—2020年中国省域面板数据为样本，综合运用空间杜宾模型和中介分析模型进行了实证分析，并对实证结果进行了内生性和稳健性检验。结果 （1）2000—2020年我国绝大多数省份技术进步呈现偏向劳动力要素特征但偏向的程度在逐渐减弱；（2）数字经济发展对乡村技术进步偏向的影响存在阶段性特征，本地效应为先偏向劳动力要素后偏向资本要素，邻地效应截然相反。（3）提升产业集聚水平是数字经济影响乡村技术进步偏向劳动力要素的重要路径。结论 发挥好政策的保障和调节作用，提升要素对技术进步的适配水平，重视不同的数字经济发展阶段对乡村技术进步偏向的影响，防止数字经济发展可能带来的劳动收入分配恶化，从而高质量发展乡村数字经济，推进农业农村现代化。

Abstract:

This study aims to understand the characteristics of technological progress bias in rural areas of China and examine how the development of the digital economy influences this bias and its underlying mechanisms. To achieve this, we calculated the bias index of rural technological progress using the transcendental logarithmic production function. In contrast, the development index of the rural digital economy was determined using the entropy method. We used panel data from China's provinces between 2011 and 2020 to conduct empirical analyses employing the spatial Durbin model and the mediation effect model. Additionally, we assessed the endogeneity and robustness of the empirical results obtained. The results were listed as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2020, the technological progress of most provinces in China was biased towards the labor factors, but the degree of bias was gradually weakening; (2) The impact of the development of the digital economy on the bias of rural technological progress was phased. The local effect was biased towards labor factors first and capital factors later, while the neighboring impact was the opposite. (3) Improving the industrial agglomeration level was essential for the digital economy to affect rural technological progress towards labor factors. Therefore, to enhance the development of the rural digital economy and promote agricultural and rural modernization, it is essential to strengthen policy roles in assurance and adjustment. We should improve the adaptability of various factors to technological progress and recognize how different stages of digital economy development can impact rural technological advancement. It is also crucial to address any potential adverse effects on labor income distribution that may arise from the growth of the digital economy.