农业技术进步对农民收入差距的影响研究

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ON FARMERS’ INCOME GAP

关键词:  农业技术进步  收入不平等  再中心化影响函数  农业现代化  共同富裕

Key words:  technological progress in agriculture  income inequality  recentring impact function  agricultural modernization  common prosperity

摘要:

目的 考察农业技术进步如何影响农民收入差距，特别是在东部与中西部地区的差异，以及区域内的不平等现象。这为决策者提供精准依据，有助于推动农业现代化和农民共富，为解决方案提供新思路。方法 文章利用2011—2021年中国省级面板数据，通过RIF回归模型探讨农业技术进步对农民收入不平等的影响，特别关注东部与中西部地区的差异。结果 研究发现，农业技术进步总体上加剧了收入不平等，尤其在高收入农户中更明显，与人力资本和资本积累理论一致。东部地区农业技术进步有助于缩小收入差距，而中西部则加剧了不平等。城镇化水平和基础设施改善可缓和技术进步导致的收入不平等。农业前沿技术进步加剧了不平等，而农业技术效率的提升则有助于减少差距。结论 基于此提出政策建议：一是针对地区差异优化农业技术普及策略，尤其是在中西部地区关注低成本、高适应性技术；二是调整农业支持政策，减少技术进步对中西部农民收入不平等的影响；三是鼓励农业技术创新，优化创新激励机制，确保技术进步的红利公平惠及所有农民。

Abstract:

This study examines how agricultural technological advancements impact income disparities among farmers, with a particular focus on differences between the eastern and central-western regions of China, as well as regional inequality. This provides precise bases for policymakers, aiding in the promotion of agricultural modernization and shared prosperity among farmers, and offering new ideas for solutions. Using China's provincial panel from 2011 to 2021, this study employed the RIF regression model to investigate the impact of agricultural technological progress on income inequality among farmers, paying special attention to differences between the eastern and central-western regions. The findings indicated that technological progress in agriculture generally exacerbated income inequality, especially among higher-income farmers, consistent with human capital and capital accumulation theories. Technological advancements in the eastern region helped reduce income gaps, while in the central-western region, they intensified inequality. Urbanization levels and infrastructure improvements could mitigate the income inequality caused by technological progress. Cutting-edge agricultural technologies increased inequality, whereas improvements in technological efficiency could help reduce disparities. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed: firstly, to optimize the dissemination strategy of agricultural technology according to regional differences, focusing on low-cost, highly adaptable technologies in the central-western region; secondly, to adjust agricultural support policies to lessen the impact of technological progress on income inequality among farmers in the central-western region; and finally, to encourage agricultural technology innovation and optimize innovation incentive mechanisms, ensuring that the benefits of technological progress are equitably shared among all farmers.