农民专业合作社盈余分配影响因素的实证分析——基于黑龙江省13个地级市403家合作社的调研数据

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFIUENCING FACTORS OF SURPLUS DISTRIBUTION IN FARMER' PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVE——BASED ON 403 QUESTIONNAIRE DATA OF COOPERATIVES IN 13 PREFECTURE-LEVEL CITIES IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

关键词:  农民专业合作社  普通成员  盈余分配  二元Logistic模型  ISM模型

Key words:  farmers' professional cooperatives  ordinary members  surplus distribution  binary Logistic modeling  interpretive structural modeling (ISM)

摘要:

目的 合理公正的分配盈余是农民专业合作社可持续发展的关键，理清合作社盈余分配的影响因素及其内在逻辑，对合作社的高质量发展以及乡村振兴战略的实施具有重要意义。方法 文章从农民专业合作社内部运营视角出发，依据黑龙江省13个地级市403家合作社的调查数据，运用Logistic-ISM模型分析影响农民专业合作社盈余分配的因素及其内在逻辑。结果 （1）二元Logistic模型结果显示：合作社示范等级、理事长占股比例、社员大会参与率、独立品牌数量和全体成员大会召开频次显著正向影响合作社盈余分配意愿，合作社运营模式中运营主体数量显著负向影响合作社盈余分配意愿。（2）ISM模型结果显示：合作社运营模式为深层根源影响因素，合作社独立品牌数量、全体成员大会召开频次为中间层间接影响因素，合作社示范等级、理事长占股比例和社员大会参与率为表层直接影响因素。结论 合作社盈余分配影响因素可归纳为“两驱动，两路径”。为改善合作社盈余分配行为，促进合作社的高质量发展，需加强合作社运营方式、治理结构和产权制度三方面的规范性。

Abstract:

Reasonable and fair distribution of surplus is the key to the sustainable development of farmers' professional cooperatives. Clarifying the influencing factors and internal logic of surplus distribution in farmer professional cooperatives is of great significance for the high-quality development of cooperatives and the implementation of rural revitalization strategies. This article took the perspective of internal operation of farmers' professional cooperatives as the research perspective. Based on the survey data from 403 cooperatives in 13 prefecture level cities in Heilongjiang province, the binary Logistic modeling and the interpretive structural model (ISM) modeling were used to analyze the factors of surplus distribution in farmer professional cooperatives and the correlation between the influence factors in this study. The results of the binary Logistic model revealed that the demonstration level of cooperatives, the proportion of directors in shares, the participation rate of member meetings, the number of independent brands, and the frequency of all member meetings had a significant positive impact on the willingness of cooperatives to allocate profits, while the number of operating entities in the cooperative operation model had a significant negative impact on the willingness of cooperatives to allocate profits. Besides, the interpretive structural model (ISM) results showed that the operation mode of cooperatives was the deep-seated influencing factor. In addition, the number of independent brands in cooperatives and the frequency of all member meetings were indirect influencing factors at the middle level. Furthermore, the demonstration level of cooperatives, the proportion of directors holding shares, and the participation rate of member meetings were the direct influencing factors at the surface level. In conclusion, the influencing factors of cooperative surplus distribution can be summarized as "two driving factors and two paths". In order to improve the surplus distribution behavior of cooperatives and promote their high-quality development, it is necessary to strengthen the standardization of cooperative operation methods, governance structures, and property rights systems.