西安市乡村地域系统脆弱性测度及差异化分析

VULNERABILITY MEASUREMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION ANALYSIS OF RURAL REGIONAL SYSTEM IN XI'AN CITY

关键词:  乡村地域系统  脆弱性  可持续发展  VSD模型  西安市

Key words:  rural regional system  vulnerability  sustainable development  VSD model  Xi'an city

摘要:

目的 明晰西安市乡村地域脆弱性水平、区域差异和影响因素，为乡村可持续发展研究和工作奠定基础。方法 文章基于乡村脆弱性内涵构建评价指标体系，然后运用乡村地域系统脆弱性VSD模型评价方法对西安市乡村地域脆弱性时空变化和区域差异进行综合分析。结果 （1）2010—2021年西安市乡村暴露度指数和适应力指数均较高，且呈现逐年上升趋势，而敏感性等级长期处于中等及中等偏低水平，并表现为逐年下降趋势。（2）2021年西安市暴露度指数最高值分布于灞桥区，最低值处于蓝田县；敏感度以周至县、蓝田县最高，高陵区和灞桥区最低；适应力指数中以阎良区等级最高，适应能力最强，长安区和周至县最低。从区域变化来看，暴露度指数的区域差距最大，敏感度指数和适应力指数的区域差距相对较小。（3）中心城区附近乡村（包括高陵区、灞桥区、长安区、临潼区和阎良区）城镇化水平高，乡村区位条件和基础条件优越，适应力长期处于较高水平，敏感度较低，但是暴露度很高；而边缘乡村（包括蓝田县、鄠邑区、周至县）与之相反，虽然暴露度偏低，但是适应力也偏低，敏感度最高。距离中心城市最近的灞桥区和最远的周至县乡村脆弱性最高，其他区域介于其间。结论 近10年来，西安市乡村地域系统遭受外部不利因素扰动程度较大，随着城市的快速扩张，乡村地域系统受到非自然因素影响越来越大；另一方面，随着西安市的积极应对措施，使乡村适应力不断提升，乡村地域系统稳定性整体略有增加，脆弱性表现为降低趋势。未来如何平衡好发展和生态环境之间的问题仍是西安市乡村可持续发展的关键。

Abstract:

To clarify the level of regional vulnerability, regional differences, and influencing factors of rural regional vulnerability in Xi'an, and lay a foundation for research and work on rural sustainable development. Based on the connotation of rural vulnerability, an evaluation index system was constructed, and then the VSD model evaluation method of rural regional system vulnerability was comprehensively used to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of rural regional vulnerability in Xi'an. From 2010 to 2021, the exposure index and adaptability index of rural areas in Xi'an were both high and showed an increasing trend year by year, while the sensitivity level remained at a medium to low level for a long time and showed a decreasing trend year by year. The highest value of exposure index in Xi'an in 2021 was distributed in Baqiao District, while the lowest value is located in Lantian County; The sensitivity was highest in Zhouzhi County and Lantian County, and lowest in Gaoling District and Baqiao District; In the adaptability index, Yanliang District had the highest level and strongest adaptability, while Chang'an District and Zhouzhi County had the lowest. From the perspective of regional changes, the regional difference in exposure index was the largest, while the regional difference in sensitivity index and adaptability index was relatively small. The rural areas near the central urban area (including Gaoling District, Baqiao District, Chang'an District, Lintong District, and Yanliang District) had a high level of urbanization, superior rural location and basic conditions, long-term adaptability, low sensitivity, but high exposure; On the contrary, peripheral rural areas (including Lantian County, Qianyi District, and Zhouzhi County) had low exposure, but also low adaptability and highest sensitivity. The Baqiao District, which was closest to the central city, and Zhouzhi County, which was farthest, have the highest vulnerability in rural areas, with other areas falling between them. In the past decade, the rural regional system in Xi'an has been greatly affected by external unfavorable factors. With the rapid expansion of the city, the rural regional system has been increasingly affected by non natural factors; On the other hand, with the active response measures taken by Xi'an city, the adaptability of rural areas has been continuously improved, and the overall stability of the rural regional system has slightly increased, while the overall vulnerability shows a decreasing trend. The issue of balancing development and ecological environment in the future remains the key to the sustainable development of rural areas in Xi'an.