山西省农业高质量发展水平评价及区域差异分析

EVALUATION OF HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF AGRICULTURE IN SHANXI PROVINCE AND ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

关键词:  农业  高质量发展  区域差异  基尼系数  山西省

Key words:  agriculture  high quality development  regional differences  Gini coefficient  Shanxi province

摘要:

目的 农业是我国国民经济发展的基础，农业的高质量发展是建设现代化强国的必由之路，我国农业正处于快速增长向高质量发展转变的关键时期，探析山西省农业高质量发展水平现状和区域差异，为区域农业发展提供参考。方法 文章通过构建山西省农业高质量发展评价指标体系，基于熵值法和综合评价指数法对2013—2022年全省和区域水平进行测算，同时结合基尼系数法测算县域发展水平和区域差异，进而从全省、区域和市域层面分析山西省农业高质量发展趋势及区域差异变化。结果 （1）山西省农业高质量发展综合评价水平整体呈现逐年递增趋势，并以2018年为临界点表现为先快速增长再缓慢增长的变化趋势；其中，2013—2018年为农业高质量发展快速提升期，绿色发展、生产效率和结构调整提升速度最快；2018—2022年为缓慢增长期，绿色发展和生产效率在波动中略有提升，结构调整呈现显著下降趋势；协调发展和共享水平一直处于较低水平。（2）子系统中以绿色发展、结构调整和生产效率水平指数较高，协调发展和共享水平指数偏低；各子系统增长幅度和波动程度相差较大。（3）农业高质量发展水平区域差异较大，以晋南地区发展相对较好，晋北地区发展水平相对较低，整体由南向北递减的空间分布趋势；晋东南地区的发展水平区域内差异始终较大，并有增加趋势；晋中、晋北和晋南三大地区区域内差异相对较小，并均有缩小趋势，尤以晋南地区缩小趋势最明显。（4）地级市农业高质量发展水平内部差异最大的是忻州市，其次是吕梁市和朔州市，其他地级市内部差异性较低，运城市最低；从变化幅度来看，大同市、太原市、阳泉市、晋中市、运城市、长治市和晋城市均有不同程度的增高；而朔州市、忻州市、吕梁市和临汾市均有不同程度的下降；相对于区域内差异，四大区域之间的差异较小。结论 山西省农业高质量发展整体水平仍较低，城乡差距大，农民增收和生活水平提升有限，农业高质量发展正进入新一轮的结构调整阶段；山西省农业高质量发展体系中以农业效率水平贡献率最大，是农业高质量发展的重要部分和集中体现，未来凭借其“小杂粮王国”的农业资源优势，山西省农业转型升级潜力较大。

Abstract:

Agriculture is the foundation of China's national economic development, and high-quality development of agriculture is the only way to build a modern strong country. China's agriculture is in a critical period of rapid growth and transformation towards high-quality development. Analyzing the current situation and regional differences of high-quality agricultural development in Shanxi province, and providing a reference for regional agricultural development. By constructing an evaluation index system for high-quality agricultural development in Shanxi province, the entropy method and comprehensive evaluation index method were used to calculate the provincial and regional levels from 2013 to 2022. At the same time, the Gini coefficient method was used to calculate the county development level and regional differences, and then the trend and regional differences in high-quality agricultural development in Shanxi province were analyzed from the provincial, regional, and municipal levels. The results were listed as follows. (1) The overall evaluation level of high-quality agricultural development in Shanxi province had shown an increasing trend year by year, and with 2018 as the critical point, it showed a trend of rapid growth followed by slow growth; Among them, from 2013 to 2018, it was a period of rapid improvement in the high-quality development of the agricultural economy, with the fastest growth rates in green development, production efficiency, and structural adjustment; 2018-2022 was a period of slow growth, with slight improvements in green development and production efficiency amidst fluctuations, and a significant downward trend in structural adjustment; The level of coordinated development and sharing had always been at a relatively low level. (2) In the subsystems, the index of green development, structural adjustment, and production efficiency level was relatively high, while the index of coordinated development and sharing level was relatively low; The growth amplitude and fluctuation degree of each subsystem varied greatly. (3) There were significant regional differences in the level of high-quality agricultural development, with relatively good development in the southern region of Shanxi and relatively low development in the northern region of Shanxi. The overall spatial distribution trend was decreasing from south to north. The regional differences in the development level of the southeastern region of Shanxi had always been significant and showed an increasing trend; The regional differences within the three major regions of Jinzhong, Jinbei, and Jinnan were relatively small and all showed a decreasing trend. (4) Xinzhou city had the largest internal difference in the high-quality development level of agriculture in prefecture level cities, followed by Lvliang city and Shuozhou city. The internal differences within other prefecture level cities were relatively low, while Yuncheng city had the lowest; From the perspective of change amplitude, Datong city, Taiyuan city, Yangquan city, Jinzhong city, Yuncheng city, Changzhi city, and Jincheng city all had varying degrees of increase; However, Shuozhou city, Xinzhou city, Lvliang city, and Linfen city had all experienced varying degrees of decline; Compared to regional differences, the differences between the four major regions were relatively small. In summary, the overall level of high-quality agricultural development in Shanxi province is still relatively low, with a large urban-rural gap and limited improvement in farmers' income and living standards. The high-quality agricultural development is entering a new round of structural adjustment; In the high-quality agricultural development system of Shanxi province, the contribution rate of agricultural efficiency level is the highest, which is an important part and concentrated manifestation of high-quality agricultural development. In the future, with its agricultural resource advantages as the "kingdom of small grains", Shanxi province has great potential for agricultural transformation and upgrading.