财政支农对农业绿色全要素生产率的空间影响与作用机制

THE SPATIAL IMPACT AND MECHANISM OF FISCAL SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURE ON THE GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY

关键词:  财政支农  EBM-GML指数  农业绿色全要素生产率  空间溢出效应  作用机制

Key words:  financial support for agriculture  EBM-GML index  agricultural green total factor productivity  spatial spillover effect  mechanism

摘要:

目的 财政支农是推动农业发展的重要影响因素，探讨财政支农对农业绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）的空间影响与作用机制，有利于加速农业绿色转型，促进经济高质量发展。方法 文章以2007—2021年全国30个省（市、区，不含港澳台和西藏）农业GTFP为研究对象，基于EBM-GML指数和熵值法测算30个省（市、自治区）农业GTFP；进一步，通过构建空间面板模型与面板中介效应模型，刻画、分析了财政支农对农业GTFP的空间影响与作用机制。结果 （1）财政支农对农业GTFP产生显著的正向影响，产生空间溢出效应且存在区域异质性，在北方地区表现为此消彼长的零和博弈局面，在南方地区表现为互助共赢的正和博弈局面。（2）农业产业结构高级化机制、农业机械深化机制、农业人力资本提升机制三个维度的作用机制均显著成立且存在区域异质性，全国与北方地区的农业人力资本提升效应作用更为重要；南方地区的农业机械深化效应更为重要。结论 应理顺区域政府间竞合互动关系，加大财政支持力度、优化财政支农资金结构，促进协调发展；在北方地区加速农业产业结构的转型升级与多形式提高机械化程度，在南方地区采用柔性农业人才引进机制促进农业GTFP的提升。

Abstract:

Fiscal support for agriculture is an important factor driving agricultural development. Exploring the spatial impact and mechanism of fiscal support for agriculture on agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP) is conducive to accelerating the transformation of agriculture towards green practices and promoting high-quality economic development. This study takes the agricultural GTFP of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2021 as the research object. The EBM-GML index and entropy method are used to calculate the agricultural GTFP of the 30 provinces. Furthermore, by constructing a spatial panel model and a panel mediation effect model, the spatial impact and mechanism of fiscal support for agriculture on agricultural GTFP are depicted and analyzed.(1) Fiscal support for agriculture has a significant positive impact on agricultural GTFP, generates spatial spillover effects, and exhibits regional heterogeneity. In the northern regions, it manifests as a zero-sum game of gains and losses, while in the southern regions, it shows a positive-sum game of mutual assistance and mutual benefit. (2) The mechanisms of upgrading agricultural industrial structure, deepening agricultural mechanization, and enhancing agricultural human capital in three dimensions are all significantly established and exhibit regional heterogeneity. The effect of enhancing agricultural human capital is more important at the national and northern regional levels, while the deepening of agricultural mechanization is more critical in the southern regions. It is necessary to streamline the competitive and interactive relationships between regional governments, increase fiscal support, optimize the structure of fiscal support for agriculture funds, and promote coordinated development. In the northern regions, the transformation and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure should be accelerated, and mechanization should be enhanced in various forms. In the southern regions, the adoption of a flexible mechanism for introducing agricultural talents should be used to promote the improvement of agricultural GTFP.