环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响效应与作用机制研究

THE IMPACT AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE

关键词:  环境规制  农业绿色全要素生产率  农业产业结构转型升级  作用机制  市场化水平

Key words:  environmental regulation  agricultural green total factor productivity  transformation and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure  mechanisms of action  marketization level

摘要:

目的 农业绿色发展是我国实现生态文明建设和推动农业高质量发展的重要组成部分，为系统探讨环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制。方法 文章基于政府与市场关系理论框架，采用超效率EBM-GML模型测算农业绿色全要素生产率，再依次构建基准回归模型、中介效应模型和调节效应模型，实证检验环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果 （1）环境规制能够显著提升农业绿色全要素生产率，且两者之间呈现倒U型关系特征，当环境规制强度超过某一临界点后，过度的规制会抑制农业绿色全要素生产率增长；（2）相对于公众自愿参与型环境规制，命令强制型和市场激励型环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率增长的促进效应更显著；（3）环境规制主要是通过推动农业产业结构的高级化与农业产业结构合理化促进农业绿色全要素生产率增长；（4）市场化水平在环境规制影响农业绿色全要素生产率的过程中发挥正向调节作用。结论 环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率增长具有显著的促进作用。为进一步发挥环境规制的积极影响，未来应探索建立动态的环境规制调整机制，避免过度规制；充分考虑不同类型环境规制的互补性，综合运用多元化环境规制工具；积极发挥市场与政府协同作用，持续推动农业产业结构转型升级；建立跨部门协同机制，强化环境规制政策协调性。

Abstract:

Agricultural green development constitutes a crucial part of China's ecological civilization and its push for high-quality agricultural growth. This study aims to systematically explore the impact of environmental regulation on the green total factor productivity of agriculture and its underlying mechanisms. Using the theory of government-market relationships as a framework, this research employed the ultra-efficiency EBM-GML model to measure green total factor productivity in agriculture. And a series of models—baseline regression, mediation tests, and moderating effect models—were subsequently developed to empirically examine the influence of environmental regulation on agricultural green total factor productivity. The findings revealed that: (1) Environmental regulation significantly enhanced agricultural green total factor productivity, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped relationship. Beyond a certain threshold, excessive regulation hindered the growth of agricultural green total factor productivity. (2) Command-and-control and market incentive-based environmental regulations were more effective than voluntary public participation in fostering growth in agricultural green total factor productivity. (3) Environmental regulation primarily boosted agricultural green total factor productivity by advancing the sophistication and rationalization of the agricultural industrial structure. (4) Marketization levels played a positive moderating role in the effect of environmental regulation on agricultural green total factor productivity. Therefore, to further harness the positive impact of environmental regulation, future efforts should focus on establishing a dynamic regulatory adjustment mechanism to avoid overregulation. It is essential to fully consider the complementarity of different types of environmental regulations and apply a diversified set of regulatory tools. Moreover, collaboration between the market and government should be actively promoted to continue driving the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure. Lastly, a cross-departmental coordination mechanism should be established to strengthen the coherence of environmental regulation policies.