县域城镇化背景下农村水库移民生计转型意愿向行为转化的机理——基于白鹤滩库区巧家县的调查数据

MECHANISM OF CONVERTING LIVELIHOOD TRANSFORMATION WILLINGNESS TO BEHAVIOR OF RURAL RESERVOIR RESETTLERS IN THE CONTEXT OF COUNTY URBANIZATION: BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF QIAOJIA COUNTY, BAIHETAN RESERVOIR AREA

关键词:  县域城镇化  水库移民  生计转型  白鹤滩库区  社会稳定

Key words:  county urbanization  reservoir resettlers  livelihood transformation  Baihetan Reservoir Area  social stability

摘要:

目的 解决好水库移民的生计问题，是库区社会稳定的基石和经济发展的重要支撑。探究县域城镇化背景下水库移民生计转型意愿向行为转化的机理，以寻找“高意愿、低行为”现象的治理策略。方法 文章基于白鹤滩库区巧家县447个样本的问卷数据，使用二元Logit模型探寻生计转型意愿向行为转化的影响因素，并采用解释结构模型分析各影响因素的层次性和关联性。结果 （1）有9个因素对生计转型意愿向行为转化产生显著影响，将其划分为3个层级，其中技能培训效果、就业创业服务水平和资金支持效果属于深层根源因素，人力资本、金融资本和物质资本属于中层间接因素，就业岗位、就业薪资和创业机会属于表层直接因素。（2）生计转型意愿向行为转化的路径有两条。路径一：技能培训效果、就业创业服务水平→人力资本→就业岗位、就业薪资→生计转型意愿向行为转化；路径二：资金支持效果、就业创业服务水平→金融资本、物质资本→创业机会→生计转型意愿向行为转化。（3）生计转型意愿向行为转化的机理可以概括为：技能培训、资金支持和就业创业服务可以增加水库移民的生计资本，改善其所处的的就业创业环境，促进其生计转型意愿向行为转化。结论 应该改善就业创业环境，精选技能培训项目，优化资金支持政策，完善就业创业服务，帮助水库移民更好地实现生计转型。

Abstract:

To address the livelihood issues of reservoir resettlers has been the cornerstone of social stability and an important support of economic development in the reservoir area. This paper aims at exploring the mechanism that converts reservoir resettlers' livelihood transformation willingness to behavior in the context of county urbanization and seeking treatment strategies for "high willingness, low behavior" phenomenon. Based on the survey data of 447 samples from Qiaojia county, Baihetan Reservoir Area, the binary logit model was used to see which factors can influence the conversion of livelihood transformation willingness to behavior and then the interpretation structure model was applied to analyze the hierarchy and relation of different influencing factors. Research showed that: (1) 9 factors had significantly influenced the conversion of livelihood transformation willingness to behavior, and then these 9 factors were divided into three levels. Specifically, skill training effect, employment and entrepreneurship service level, and fund support effect were deep root factors. Human capital, financial capital and physical capital were intermediate indirect factors. Employment position, employment salary and entrepreneurship opportunity were superficial direct factors. (2) There were two paths for livelihood transformation willingness to convert into behavior. As to Path 1, skill training effect, employment and entrepreneurship service level→human capital→employment position, employment salary→conversion of livelihood transformation willingness to behavior. Regarding Path 2, fund support effect, employment and entrepreneurship service level→financial capital, physical capital→entrepreneurship opportunity→conversion of livelihood transformation willingness to behavior. (3) The mechanism of converting livelihood transformation willingness to behavior could be summarized as follows: Skill training, fund support, employment and entrepreneurship service can enhance the livelihood capitals of reservoir resettlers, improve their employment and entrepreneurship environment, and facilitate the conversion of their livelihood transformation willingness to behavior. Therefore, it is essential to improve employment and entrepreneurship environment, carefully select skill training programs, optimize fund support policies, and upgrade employment and entrepreneurship services to help reservoir resettlers better achieve livelihood transformation.