农业保险防贫效果及作用机理分析——基于农户生产行为影响视角

ANALYSIS OF THE POVERTY PREVENTION EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE IMPACT OF FARMER PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR

关键词:  农业保险  相对贫困脆弱性  防贫效果  农业生产行为  防贫机理

Key words:  agricultural insurance  relative poverty vulnerability  poverty prevention effect  agricultural production behavior  poverty prevention mechanism

摘要:

目的 巩固脱贫成果与推进乡村振兴目标背景下，农业保险能否缓解农户相对贫困脆弱性进而助力长效防贫亟待系统科学的实证考察。方法 文章基于583份农户调研数据，运用PSM模型与中介效应模型，从相对贫困脆弱性视角就农业保险防贫效果进行分析，并基于农户生产行为影响视角考察农业保险防贫作用机理。结果 （1）农业保险可显著降低农户的相对贫困脆弱性，且对农户风险型相对贫困脆弱性、资本型相对贫困脆弱性均具有显著缓解作用，但对风险型相对贫困脆弱性的影响更强。（2）提高农业规模投入、加强农机应用、促进专业化生产3条路径是农业保险影响农户生产行为进而助力防贫的有效路径。（3）农业保险对小农户与新型农业经营主体的相对贫困脆弱性均具有显著降低作用，且对小农户的影响效应更强。结论 应通过驱动农户转向现代化农业生产经营方式、全面提升农险整体保障水平、注重不同地区及不同类型农户的差异化风险保障需求等来促进农险高质量发展，提升农户内生发展动力，助力实现长效防贫。

Abstract:

In the context of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting the goal of rural revitalization, agricultural insurance plays an important role in alleviating the relative poverty vulnerability of farmers and assisting in long-term poverty prevention. Therefore, based on 583 household survey data, the PSM model and the mediation effect model was used to analyze the poverty prevention effect of agricultural insurance from the perspective of relative poverty vulnerability, and from the perspective of the impact of farmer production behavior, the mechanism of agricultural insurance's poverty prevention effect was examined. The results showed that: (1) Agricultural insurance could significantly reduce the relative poverty vulnerability of rural households, and had a significant easing effect on both risk-type relative poverty vulnerability and capital-type relative poverty vulnerability of rural households, but had a stronger impact on the risk-type relative poverty vulnerability of rural households. (2) The three effective way for agricultural insurance to help agricultural modernization and realize long-term poverty prevention were to promote agricultural scale investment, strengthen the application of agricultural machinery, and promote specialized production. (3) Agricultural insurance could significantly reduce the relative poverty vulnerability of both small farmers and new agricultural operators, but it had a stronger effect on small farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to drive farmers to shift towards modern agricultural production and operation methods, comprehensively improving the overall level of agricultural insurance protection, and paying attention to the differentiated risk protection needs of different regions and types of farmers, in order to promote the high-quality development of agricultural insurance, enhance the endogenous development motivation of farmers and achieve long-term poverty prevention.