老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为的影响——基于有调节的中介效应模型检验

EFFECTS OF AGING ON STRAW OFF-FIELD USE BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS——BASED ON THE MOTERATED MEDIATING EFFECT MODEL TEST

关键词:  老龄化  秸秆离田利用  效益认知  种植收入  农业绿色发展

Key words:  aging  straw utilization off the field  benefit recognition  income from cultivation  green development of agriculture

摘要:

目的 秸秆离田利用是保护环境、增加农民收入、促进农业绿色发展的重要举措。当前我国农业劳动力老龄化程度不断加深，在此背景下，有必要厘清老龄化与农户秸秆离田利用行为之间的关系，深入探究老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为影响的作用机制。方法 文章利用中国乡村振兴调查（CRRS）数据，运用Probit模型，实证分析了老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为的影响及其作用机制。并基于Bootstrap有调节的中介检验方法，对老龄化影响农户秸秆离田利用行为过程中效益认知的中介效应和家庭种植收入占比的调节效应进行检验。结果 （1）老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为具有显著的负向影响。（2）老龄化通过降低农户的效益认知进而阻碍其秸秆离田利用行为。（3）老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为的影响存在异质性，具体来看，老龄化对于家庭耕地面积小于2 hm²（30亩）、未受环境规制、未加入合作社的农户的秸秆离田利用行为的负向影响更为显著。（4）家庭种植收入占比负向调节了效益认知在老龄化对农户秸秆离田利用行为影响中的中介作用，即当家庭种植收入成为主要收入来源时，老龄化通过效益认知对农户秸秆离田利用行为的间接影响作用随之减弱。结论 农业劳动力老龄化不利于农户参与秸秆离田利用。据此，提出开展针对老龄农户的技术推广服务，优化土地资源配置，强化政府对于秸秆离田利用的推广力度，建立“农户+合作社”秸秆离田利用合作模式，加强农业生产的扶持力度等政策建议。

Abstract:

Straw utilization off the field is an important measure to protect the environment, increase farmers' income and promote the green development of agriculture. At present, the aging degree of agricultural labor force in China is deepening, under this context, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between aging and farmers' straw utilization behavior and explore the mechanism of aging on farmers' straw utilization behavior. Using the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) data and Probit model, this research empirically analyzed the impact of aging on farmers' straw use behavior and its mechanism. And based on the Bootstrap moderated mediation test method, it tested the mediating effect of benefit perception and the moderating effect of household planting income proportion in the process of aging affecting farmers' straw off-field use behavior. The results were listed as follows. (1) Aging had a significant negative impact on the straw off-field use behavior of farmers. (2) Aging hindered farmers' straw utilization behavior by reducing their benefit cognition. (3) The effect of aging on the straw off-field use behavior of farmers was heterogeneous. Specifically, aging had a more significant negative impact on the behavior of farmers with less than 2 hectares (30 acres) of arable land, who were not subject to environmental regulations, and who had not joined cooperatives in utilizing straw outside their fields. (4) The proportion of household planting income negatively moderated the mediating role of benefit perception in the effect of aging on farmers' straw off-field use behavior, that was, when household planting income became the main income source, the indirect effect of aging on farmers' straw off-field use behavior through benefit perception was weakened. In summary，aging of agricultural labor force is not conducive to farmers' participation in straw off-field utilization. Based on this, some policy suggestions are put forward, such as carrying out technical extension services for elderly farmers, optimizing the allocation of land resources, strengthening the government's promotion of straw off-field utilization, establishing the cooperation mode of "farmer + cooperative" straw off-field utilization, and strengthening the support for agricultural production.