基于“土、肥、水、种、保、工”的中美大豆科研实力比较

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SINO—US SOYBEAN RESEARCH STRENGTHS BASED ON ‘SOIL, FERTILIZER, WATER, SEED, PROTECTION, MACHINERY’

关键词:  大豆生产  关键技术  发文态势  技术关联  热点方向  文献计量学

Key words:  soybean production  key technologies  publication trends  technological correlation  hot research directions  bibliometrics

摘要:

目的 探究中美两国在大豆生产土壤管理、肥料使用、水资源利用、种子选育、病虫害防治和农业机械化等方面的科学研究现状。方法 文章利用SCI-Expanded数据库，对2016—2023年中美大豆生产技术领域的文献进行文献计量学分析，重点关注“六字”（土、肥、水、种、保、工）技术领域研究的发文态势、技术关联与集成和热点方向。结果 （1）2016年来，中国在大豆生产技术领域的SCI发文量逐年增长，美国相对稳定。中国在大豆品种改良和种质资源利用研究最活跃，美国突出在病虫害管理、土壤和水资源利用方面。（2）中国的农业机械化与种子选择和育种关系密切；美国的研究更综合，种子选择和育种与病虫害防治关系最为活跃，技术间共线关系较多展现出更为广泛的交叉研究特性。（3）中国大豆生产技术领域发文热词侧重于分子和基因层面探究大豆生物学特性，美国注重农业实践、水资源管理、气候变化适应性和利用先进技术进行大豆生产管理。（4）中国发文方向侧重于遗传与分子生物学研究以及间作与生态农业实践，而美国则关注气候变化与农业可持续性、基因表达与生物固氮、土壤管理与保育农业、病虫害管理以及除草剂抗性与杂草管理。结论 未来，中美合作可深化大豆品种改良、优化病虫害防控和提升农业机械化水平，共同应对气候变化和资源限制，推动大豆产业可持续发展。

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the scientific research status of soil management, fertilizer use, water resource utilization, seed breeding, pest control, and agricultural mechanization in soybean production in both China and the United States. Using the SCI-Expanded database, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the literatures published from 2016 to 2023 in the field of soybean production technology, focusing on the trends, associations, and hot topics in the "6 research fields" (soil, fertilizer, water, seed, protection, and machinery). The results were listed as follows. (1) Since 2016, China's SCI publications in soybean production technology had been increasing annually, while the United States remained relatively stable. China was the most active in improving soybean varieties and utilizing germplasm resources, while the US exceled in pest management, soil, and water resource utilization. (2) China's agricultural mechanization was closely related to seed selection and breeding, while the US research was more comprehensive, particularly in the interaction between seed selection, breeding, and pest control, and a greater number of co-linear relationships demonstrated a wider range of interdisciplinary research characteristics. (3) Chinese publications focused on molecular and genetic exploration of soybean biological characteristics, whereas the US emphasized agricultural practices, water resource management, climate adaptation, and the application of advanced technologies in soybean production management. (4) China emphasized genetic and molecular biology research and intercropping with ecological agriculture, while the US focused on climate change, agricultural sustainability, gene expression, biological nitrogen fixation, soil management, conservation agriculture, pest management, and herbicide resistance. Therefore, future collaboration between China and the US can deepen soybean breeding, optimize pest control, enhance agricultural mechanization, jointly address climate change and resource limitations, and promote the sustainable development of the soybean industry.