中国水稻种植要素配置效率测度与收敛性分析

ALLOCATION EFFICIENCY OF RICE PLANTING FACTORS IN CHINA AND ITS CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS

关键词:  水稻种植  要素配置效率  农业供给侧改革  粮食生产功能区  收敛性

Key words:  rice planting  allocation efficiency  agricultural supply-side reform  grain functional area  dynamic convergence

摘要:

目的 为了更加准确测度和分析我国水稻种植要素配置效率的变化特征，助力粮食安全与农业强国建设。方法 文章基于2008—2021年的省级面板数据，通过构建超越对数型随机前沿生产函数，测度分解出水稻种植要素配置效率，分析我国水稻种植要素配置效率时变特征与区域特征，并进一步从绝对收敛和条件收敛分析其增长收敛性特征。结果 （1）2008—2021年我国水稻种植要素配置效率指数呈现不断增长的趋势；从粮食生产功能区看，粮食产销平衡区的水稻种植要素配置效率最高，显著高于全国平均水平，粮食主产区次之，粮食主销区最低。（2）绝对收敛性分析显示，全国水稻种植要素配置效率不存在σ收敛，但存在绝对β收敛，并在农业供给侧结构性改革后收敛程度加大；从粮食生产功能区看，粮食主产区的绝对β收敛性有所下降，但产销平衡区和主销区收敛程度有进一步加大趋势。（3）条件收敛性分析显示，经济发展水平和政府干预程度对水稻种植要素配置效率有正向影响，然而，农村人口规模、农户工资水平以及基建成本水平则对其产生抑制作用。结论 因此，需要根据不同粮食产区水稻种植的基础条件和比较优势，不断优化水稻种植要素配置水平，积极推进农业供给侧结构性改革，从而提升水稻种植要素配置效率。

Abstract:

This research aims to accurately measure and analyze the changing characteristics of allocation efficiency of rice planting factors in China, so as to achieve food security and the construction of agricultural power. Based on the panel data from 2008 to 2021, this study constructed a transcendental logarithmic stochastic frontier production function to measure and decompose the allocation efficiency of rice planting factors, and analyzed the convergence of its growth from the dimensions of absolute convergence and conditional convergence. The results highlighted that：(1) The allocation efficiency of rice planting factors in China showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2021. From the perspective of the grain functional area, the allocation efficiency of the grain can be ranked as followed: production-marketing balance area (significantly higher than the national average level); main grain-producing area; and main grain-selling area. (2) The analysis of absolute convergence showed that there was no σ convergence, but absolute β convergence in the growth of the allocation efficiency of rice planting factors. The convergence degree increased after agricultural supply-side reform. From the perspective of functional areas of grain production, the absolute β convergence of the main grain-producing areas decreased, but the convergence of the production and marketing balance areas and the main marketing areas further increased. (3) The analysis of conditional convergence showed that the economic development level and government intervention could improve the allocation efficiency of rice planting. On the contrary, the rural population, farmers' wage level, and capital construction cost could inhibit it. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously optimize the allocation level of rice planting factors according to the basic conditions and comparative advantages of rice planting in various regions and ensure the role of agricultural supply-side structural reform in improving the allocation efficiency of rice planting factors.