基于共生理论的农文旅融合发展机理与实证研究——以云南4个典型茶叶县为例

CO-EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS IN AGRI-CULTURAL-TOURISM INTEGRATION——A CASE STUDY OF FOUR PROMINENT TEA COUNTIES IN YUNNAN

关键词:  共生理论  农文旅融合  茶文旅  障碍因素  典型茶叶县

Key words:  symbiotic theory  integration of agriculture, culture and tourism  integration of tea, culture and tourism  barrier factors  typical tea counties

摘要:

目的 立足农文旅融合背景，将共生理论引入产业分析框架阐释发展机理，实证典型茶叶县的水平趋势及其融合发展的障碍因素，为丰富农文旅共生系统的应用和探索乡村产业深度融合提供实践启示。方法 文章以4个典型茶叶县为例，构建茶文旅融合发展评价指标体系，藉由熵权TOPSIS、灰色预测、耦合协调和障碍度模型，测度2011—2022年茶文旅融合发展水平并预测趋势，廓清障碍因素及耦合协调度演化特征，最后总结农文旅共生系统发展机制并提出优化建议。结果 （1）农文旅间具备稳定的融合基础和共生条件，共生单元、共生模式、共生环境组成系统并动态共生。研究期内4县的单产业呈上升趋势，可分为“点共生”“间歇共生”“连续共生”和“一体化共生”的共生模式，综合发展排序为双江县＞澜沧县＞昌宁县＞勐腊县；（2）影响茶文旅发展的系统层障碍为旅游系统（0.389）>文化系统（0.365）>茶产业系统（0.246），文化支撑、旅游绩效和旅游支撑准则层起着决定性阻碍，主要障碍因子为重点文物保护单位占全省比、A级景区数占全省比、旅行社数占全省比、非物质文化遗产数占全省比、旅游总收入占全省比、文化产业政策；（3）茶文旅耦合协调从严重失调提升到良好协调，经历了产业化萌芽期、资本化初始期、市场化变革期、协调化重构期并呈现出不同共生特征。结论 典型农业县可从协调共生单元培育新型主体，强化共生环境推动产业创新，活化共生模式完善产品矩阵三方面进行机制优化。

Abstract:

This study, which examines the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, introduces symbiosis theory into the industrial analysis framework to elucidate the development mechanism. It empirically examines the horizontal trends and barriers to integrated development in typical tea-producing counties. The findings aim to enrich the application of symbiotic systems in the agricultural, cultural, and tourism sectors and provide practical insights for exploring the deep integration of rural industries. Taking four typical tea-producing counties as examples, this study constructs an evaluation index system for the integrated development of tea, culture, and tourism. By employing the entropy weight TOPSIS method, grey prediction, coupling coordination, and barrier degree models, it measures the level of integrated development of the tea, culture, and tourism industries from 2011 to 2022 and forecasts trends, clarifies obstacles and the evolution characteristics of coupling coordination, and finally summarizes the development mechanism of the Agri-cultural-tourism symbiotic system and proposes optimization suggestions. The results show that: (1) There is a stable integration foundation and symbiotic conditions among agriculture, culture, and tourism, with symbiotic units, modes, and environments forming a dynamic symbiotic system; (2) During the research period, the single industries in the four counties showed an upward trend, which can be divided into "point symbiosis," "intermittent symbiosis," "continuous symbiosis," and "integrated symbiosis" patterns, with the best comprehensive development of tea, culture, and tourism being in Shuangjiang County > Lancang County > Changning County > Mengla County; (3) The systemic barrier degree affecting the development of tea, culture, and tourism is tourism system (0.389) > cultural system (0.365) > tea industry system (0.246), with cultural support, tourism performance, and tourism support criteria at the decisive obstruction level. The main barrier factors include the proportion of key cultural relics protection units in the province, the proportion of A-level scenic spots in the province, the proportion of travel agencies in the province, the proportion of intangible cultural heritage in the province, the proportion of total tourism revenue in the province, and cultural industry policies; (4) The coupling coordination of tea, culture, and tourism in the four counties has improved from severe disequilibrium to good coordination, going through the industrialization germination period, capitalization initial period, marketization transformation period, and coordination reconstruction period, showing different symbiotic characteristics. In conclusion, typical agricultural counties can optimize their mechanisms in three aspects: nurturing new entities through coordinated symbiotic units, strengthening the symbiotic environment to drive industrial innovation, and revitalizing symbiotic models to improve the product matrix.