企业帮扶与县域城乡居民收入差距基于多期双重差分的证据

ENTERPRISE ASSISTANCE AND THE INCOME GAP BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS AT THE COUNTY LEVELEVIDENCE BASED ON MULTI-PERIOD DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCE

关键词:  企业帮扶  县域城乡居民收入差距  乡村振兴  农业机械化水平  多期双重差分  准自然实验

Key words:  enterprise assistance  income gap between urban and rural residents at the county level  rural revitalization  level of agricultural mechanization  multi-period double difference  quasi-natural experiment

摘要:

目的 缩小城乡居民收入差距是实现乡村全面振兴的关键，揭示企业帮扶对缩小城乡居民收入差距的影响效果与内在机制，为引导以企业为代表的社会力量助力乡村振兴、实现共同富裕提供重要的政策启示。方法 文章将上市公司对县域的帮扶视为准自然实验，通过文本挖掘技术爬取企业帮扶关键信息数据，结合2012—2022年全国912个县域面板数据，利用多期双重差分模型实证检验企业帮扶对城乡居民收入差距的影响，并探讨其中介机制及异质性。结果 （1）企业参与帮扶能显著缩小城乡居民收入差距，且在经过倾向得分匹配、安慰剂检验以及滞后效应检验后该结论依旧稳健。（2）促进县域金融发展及提升县域农业机械化水平是企业帮扶促使城乡居民收入差距缩小的重要中介机制。（3）企业帮扶对缩小城乡居民收入差距的效果在区域、县域与帮扶企业层面均具有明显的异质性，当被帮扶县所属中部地区与北方地区、县域人口规模不大、自身经济水平较低与城乡居民收入差距较平衡、帮扶企业中小规模与国有企业数量少，以及帮扶方式集中时的帮扶作用更明显。结论 企业帮扶是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重要一环，引导和支持有意愿有能力的企业、社会组织和个人参与乡村经济社会建设，对新时期实现乡村全面振兴具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is the key to achieving comprehensive rural revitalization, and revealing the impact characteristics and internal mechanisms of enterprise assistance on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas can provide important policy enlightenment for guiding social forces represented by enterprises to help rural revitalization and achieve common prosperity. This research regarded listed companies' assistance to counties as a quasi-natural experiment, crawled the key information data of enterprise assistance through text mining technology, and combined the panel data of 912 counties in China from 2012 to 2022, then empirically examined the impact of enterprise participation in targeted poverty alleviation on the income gap between urban and rural areas by using a multi-period difference-in-difference model, finally discussed its intermediary mechanism and heterogeneity. The results were showed as follows. (1) The participation of enterprises in assistance significantly reduced the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the conclusion was still stable after the propensity score matching, placebo test and lag effect test. (2) Promoting the development of county-level finance and improving the level of agricultural mechanization at the county level was an important intermediary mechanism for enterprises to help narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. (3) The effect of enterprise assistance on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents had obvious heterogeneity at the regional, county and enterprise levels, and the effect of assistance was more obvious when the central region and the northern region of the assisted county belonged to the central region and the northern region, the county population was not large, the economic level was low and the income gap between urban and rural residents was more balanced, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and state-owned enterprises was small, and the assistance mode was concentrated. Therefore, enterprise assistance is an important part of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting with rural revitalization, and it is of great significance to guide and support enterprises, social organizations and individuals who are willing and able to actively participate in poverty governance to promote the sustainable development of rural economy.