基于旅游产业链跟踪法的农户利益联结机制研究

BENEFIT LINKAGE MECHANISM OF FARMERS BASED ON TOURISM INDUSTRY CHAIN TRACKING METHOD

关键词:  产业链  利益联结机制  收益性  进入性  海岛渔村

Key words:  industry chain  benefit linkage mechanism  profitability  accessibility  island fishing village

摘要:

目的 发展乡村旅游产业能够让多大比例的农户受益，受益程度如何，取决于农户进入旅游产业链的利益联结机制，研究农户利益联结机制对农村持续发展、农业经济增长和农民稳定增收具有重要价值。方法 文章运用旅游产业链跟踪法，以农户利益联结的收益性和进入性为评价指标，采集黄海北部海岛渔村农户参与乡村旅游产业数据，实证分析农户与乡村旅游产业链之间建立利益联结机制的路径。结果 （1）研究发现，农户—代理商为易进入且高收益路径；（2）农户—批发零售商、农户—快递公司、农户—加工包装厂、农户—农资供应商为易进入但低收益路径；（3）农户—技术产品商、农户—电商平台、农户—饭馆或民宿为不易进入但高收益路径；（4）农户—渔家乐或采摘园、农户—自媒体为不易进入且低收益路径。结论 政府或村委应支持农户积极开展易进入且高收益路径，引导农户选择易进入但低收益路径作为辅助收入渠道，主导助力不易进入但高收益路径，以村集体、合作社等模式组织开展不易进入且低收益路径，以降低该路径的进入成本并提升回报。并提出关注“女性”“青年”“高抚养比”重点群体，开展技能培训指导“授人以渔”，开发互补性、辅助性、季节性友好型岗，担当领导力和决策力等建议，以期增强农户“换岗增链”的主动性和灵活性，实现农户多环节就业增收。

Abstract:

The extent to which the development of the rural tourism industry can benefit farmers, and in what ways, depends on the interest connection mechanisms that enable farmers to enter the tourism industry chain. Studying these mechanisms is of significant value for the sustainable development of rural areas, the growth of agricultural economies, and the stable increase of farmers' incomes. This study utilized a tourism industry chain tracking method, using the profitability and accessibility of farmers' interest connection paths as evaluation indicators, and collected the data on the participation of farmers in rural tourism industry in fishing villages in the northern Yellow Sea, then analyzed the interest connection mechanism paths between farmers and the rural tourism industry chain through empirical evidence. The research revealed several distinct paths. (1) Collaboration between farmers and intermediaries represented a route that was easy to enter but offered high-yield returns.(2) In addition, the relationships between farmers and technology product suppliers, farmers and e-commerce platforms, and farmers and restaurants or home-stays were identified as paths that were more difficult to enter but high-yield returns. (3) Conversely, the relationships between farmers and wholesale retailers, farmers and express delivery services, farmers and processing and packaging factories, and farmers and agricultural input suppliers represented paths that were easy to enter but offer low profits. (4) Lastly, interactions between farmers and leisure fishing-themed home-stays or self-picking farms, as well as farmers and social media platforms, illustrated paths that were difficult to enter but provide low returns. Therefore, the conclusion drawn is that government agencies or village committees should support farmers in actively developing paths that are easy to enter and highly profitable. At the same time, farmers should be guided to choose paths that are easy to enter but offer low profits as supplementary income channels. Furthermore, joint efforts should be made to lead, organize, and implement paths that are difficult to enter but high-yield returns. Additionally, the development of paths that are difficult to enter but provide low returns should be organized through village collectives and cooperatives to reduce the entry costs of these paths and enhance returns. Several recommendations are also proposed, including focusing on priority groups such as "women," "youth," and those with "high dependency ratios," providing skills training and guidance to help "teach fishing," developing and offering complementary, auxiliary, and seasonally appropriate employment opportunities, and assuming leadership and decision-making roles. Through this approach, it is hoped that farmers' initiative and flexibility in "job switching and chain enhancement" will be strengthened, leading to diversified employment and income generation for farmers.