农村生活污水排放与治理分析——基于东江源和南水北调中线水源地调查

ANALYSIS OF RURAL SEWAGE DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT——BASED ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE SOURCE OF THE DONGJIANG RIVER AND THE MIDDLE ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT

关键词:  水源地  生活污水  农户排放行为  治理  污水处理设施

Key words:  water sources  domestic sewage  farmer discharge behavior  governance  sewage treatment facilities

摘要:

目的 为了解水源地农村生活污水排放与治理情况，对东江源、南水北调中线水源地农户进行了实地调查，分析农户生活污水排放行为及村生活污水治理状况，针对存在的问题提出相应对策建议。方法 文章采用数理统计方法，对950户农户调查数据进行分析，匡算农户生活污水排放量，梳理污水排放去向、设施运维管护以及技术采用情况等。结果 调研水源地农村生活污水治理率偏低，接入管网的部分农户未将生活污水全部排入管网，而且缺乏可持续的污水处理设施运营管护机制及管护资金来源渠道，对污水处理设施轻视日常监督、监管缺位是普遍现象。结论 综上，应合理分步推进农村生活污水处理设施建设，因地制宜选择工艺技术；加强农村生活污水治理的宣传和科普教育，调动农户生活污水正确排放、参与处理设施建设运营等方面的积极性；拓宽资金筹措渠道，强化对污水处理设施的运维管护。

Abstract:

In order to understand the situation of rural domestic sewage discharge and management in the water sources, this research carried out a field survey on the farm households in the Dongjiang source and the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Line water sources, and analyzed the behavior of domestic sewage discharge and village domestic sewage management, then put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the existing problems. The results showed that: The rate of rural domestic sewage treatment in the research water sources was low, and some farmers connected to the pipeline network had not discharged all their domestic sewage into the pipeline network, and there was a lack of a sustainable mechanism for the operation and maintenance of sewage treatment facilities and sources of funding for their maintenance, and it was a common phenomenon that sewage treatment facilities were lightly supervised on a daily basis, and that the lack of supervision was a common phenomenon. To sum up, the construction of rural sewage treatment facilities should be promoted in a reasonable step-by-step manner, and process technologies should be selected according to local conditions; the publicity and science education on rural sewage treatment should be strengthened to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for the proper discharge of sewage and their participation in the construction and operation of treatment facilities; and the channels for financing should be broadened and the operation, maintenance and care of sewage treatment facilities should be strengthened.